Though every city in the U.S. has a distinctly American flavor, so many metropolitan areas display distinct signs of the immigrant populations that melded together to make the cities we know and love today. From Miami's Little Havana to New York City's Chinatown and Los Angeles' Little Italy, cultural enclaves continue to thrive in modern metropolitan areas and help build colorful and diverse communities.
Many cultural and ethnic enclaves have become destinations for locals and tourists alike, but these visitors bring with them a mixed bag of consequences. On one hand, increased foot traffic allows small businesses and restaurants more opportunities for business, ushering in much-appreciated cash flow. On the other hand, rising demand for goods and services can cause prices to rise, hiking up the cost of living and potentially pushing poorer individuals and families out of the community.
The gentrification of ethnic enclaves is not new. The term "gentrification" was coined by Ruth Glass in the 1960s to describe the displacement of working class folks in London, but the first examples of gentrification can be traced back to the 18th century when wealthy landowners, or the "gentry," began buying out small farmers who were struggling to accumulate the capital necessary to operate in England.
Today, ethnic enclaves continue to thrive despite the looming threats of gentrification and economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. As one step towards understanding the history of these enclaves, Stacker compiled a list of the largest sources of immigrants in Honolulu in 1900 by transcribing a previously untranscribed dataset from the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 35 of the Twelfth Census details the immigrant population of every city in the U.S. with at least 25,000 inhabitants as of the turn of the last century.
Read on to find out more about the historical immigrant community in your home city or explore the data on your own on our site, GitHub, or data.world.
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#1. China
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 6,842
- Percent of foreign born residents: 39.24%
National
- Number of residents: 106,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.02%
- #16 most common country of origin
2 / 39
#2. Japan
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 5,595
- Percent of foreign born residents: 32.09%
National
- Number of residents: 81,590
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.78%
- #21 most common country of origin
3 / 39
#3. Portugal
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 2,081
- Percent of foreign born residents: 11.94%
National
- Number of residents: 37,144
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.36%
- #23 most common country of origin
4 / 39
#4. Germany
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 553
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.17%
National
- Number of residents: 2,669,164
- Percent of foreign born residents: 25.52%
- #1 most common country of origin
6 / 39
#6. Atlantic Islands
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 329
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.89%
National
- Number of residents: 10,955
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #29 most common country of origin
7 / 39
#7. Pacific Islands (except Phillipine Islands)
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 293
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.68%
National
- Number of residents: 2,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
- #38 most common country of origin
8 / 39
#8. Canada
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 229
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.31%
National
- Number of residents: 1,183,225
- Percent of foreign born residents: 11.31%
- #3 most common country of origin
9 / 39
#9. Ireland
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 162
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.93%
National
- Number of residents: 1,619,409
- Percent of foreign born residents: 15.48%
- #2 most common country of origin
10 / 39
#10. Scotland
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 148
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.85%
National
- Number of residents: 234,699
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.24%
- #11 most common country of origin
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#11. Australia
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 91
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.52%
National
- Number of residents: 7,041
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #34 most common country of origin
12 / 39
#12. France
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 78
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.45%
National
- Number of residents: 104,534
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #18 most common country of origin
13 / 39
#13. Sweden
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 77
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.44%
National
- Number of residents: 574,625
- Percent of foreign born residents: 5.49%
- #5 most common country of origin
14 / 39
#14. Spain
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 72
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.41%
National
- Number of residents: 7,284
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #33 most common country of origin
15 / 39
#15. Norway
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 69
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.40%
National
- Number of residents: 338,426
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.24%
- #9 most common country of origin
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16 / 39
#16. Italy
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 54
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.31%
National
- Number of residents: 484,703
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.63%
- #6 most common country of origin
17 / 39
#17. Denmark
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 48
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.28%
National
- Number of residents: 154,616
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.48%
- #13 most common country of origin
18 / 39
#18. Greece
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 45
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.26%
National
- Number of residents: 8,655
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #31 most common country of origin
19 / 39
#19. Austria
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 34
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.20%
National
- Number of residents: 276,702
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.65%
- #10 most common country of origin
20 / 39
#20. Russia
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 22
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.13%
National
- Number of residents: 424,372
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.06%
- #7 most common country of origin
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#21. Born at sea
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 18
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
National
- Number of residents: 8,310
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #32 most common country of origin
22 / 39
#22. West Indies (except Cuba and Puerto Rico)
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 18
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
National
- Number of residents: 14,468
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #26 most common country of origin
23 / 39
#23. Wales
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 13
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
National
- Number of residents: 93,744
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.90%
- #20 most common country of origin
24 / 39
#24. South America
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 11
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 4,814
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
- #35 most common country of origin
26 / 39
#26. Switzerland
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 10
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 115,959
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.11%
- #15 most common country of origin
27 / 39
#27. Mexico
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 10
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 103,445
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
- #19 most common country of origin
28 / 39
#28. India
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 2,069
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #42 most common country of origin
29 / 39
#29. Finland
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 63,440
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.61%
- #22 most common country of origin
30 / 39
#30. Belgium
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 29,848
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.29%
- #24 most common country of origin
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31 / 39
#31. Africa
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 2,577
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #40 most common country of origin
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#32. Poland
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 7
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
National
- Number of residents: 383,595
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.67%
- #8 most common country of origin
33 / 39
#33. Turkey
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 3
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 9,949
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #30 most common country of origin
34 / 39
#34. Cuba
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 3
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 11,159
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #28 most common country of origin
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#35. Other countries
36 / 39
#36. Roumania
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 15,043
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #25 most common country of origin
37 / 39
#37. Hungary
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 145,815
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.39%
- #14 most common country of origin
38 / 39
#38. Central America
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 3,911
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
- #36 most common country of origin
39 / 39
#39. Asia (except China, Japan, and India)
Honolulu, Hawaii
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 11,928
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #27 most common country of origin
