Though every city in the U.S. has a distinctly American flavor, so many metropolitan areas display distinct signs of the immigrant populations that melded together to make the cities we know and love today. From Miami's Little Havana to New York City's Chinatown and Los Angeles' Little Italy, cultural enclaves continue to thrive in modern metropolitan areas and help build colorful and diverse communities.
Many cultural and ethnic enclaves have become destinations for locals and tourists alike, but these visitors bring with them a mixed bag of consequences. On one hand, increased foot traffic allows small businesses and restaurants more opportunities for business, ushering in much-appreciated cash flow. On the other hand, rising demand for goods and services can cause prices to rise, hiking up the cost of living and potentially pushing poorer individuals and families out of the community.
The gentrification of ethnic enclaves is not new. The term "gentrification" was coined by Ruth Glass in the 1960s to describe the displacement of working class folks in London, but the first examples of gentrification can be traced back to the 18th century when wealthy landowners, or the "gentry," began buying out small farmers who were struggling to accumulate the capital necessary to operate in England.
Today, ethnic enclaves continue to thrive despite the looming threats of gentrification and economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. As one step towards understanding the history of these enclaves, Stacker compiled a list of the largest sources of immigrants in Springfield, Illinois in 1900 by transcribing a previously untranscribed dataset from the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 35 of the Twelfth Census details the immigrant population of every city in the U.S. with at least 25,000 inhabitants as of the turn of the last century.
Read on to find out more about the historical immigrant community in your home city or explore the data on your own on our site, GitHub, or data.world.
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#1. Germany
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 1,940
- Percent of foreign born residents: 41.68%
National
- Number of residents: 2,669,164
- Percent of foreign born residents: 25.52%
- #1 most common country of origin
2 / 34
#2. Ireland
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 1,106
- Percent of foreign born residents: 23.76%
National
- Number of residents: 1,619,409
- Percent of foreign born residents: 15.48%
- #2 most common country of origin
3 / 34
#3. England
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 499
- Percent of foreign born residents: 10.72%
National
- Number of residents: 843,491
- Percent of foreign born residents: 8.06%
- #4 most common country of origin
4 / 34
#4. Canada
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 149
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.20%
National
- Number of residents: 1,183,225
- Percent of foreign born residents: 11.31%
- #3 most common country of origin
6 / 34
#6. Scotland
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 105
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.26%
National
- Number of residents: 234,699
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.24%
- #11 most common country of origin
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#7. Poland
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 95
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.04%
National
- Number of residents: 383,595
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.67%
- #8 most common country of origin
8 / 34
#8. Sweden
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 87
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.87%
National
- Number of residents: 574,625
- Percent of foreign born residents: 5.49%
- #5 most common country of origin
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#9. Atlantic Islands
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 68
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.46%
National
- Number of residents: 10,955
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #29 most common country of origin
10 / 34
#10. Austria
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 61
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.31%
National
- Number of residents: 276,702
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.65%
- #10 most common country of origin
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11 / 34
#11. Portugal
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 51
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.10%
National
- Number of residents: 37,144
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.36%
- #23 most common country of origin
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#12. Italy
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 47
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.01%
National
- Number of residents: 484,703
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.63%
- #6 most common country of origin
13 / 34
#13. Norway
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 45
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.97%
National
- Number of residents: 338,426
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.24%
- #9 most common country of origin
14 / 34
#14. Asia (except China, Japan, and India)
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 44
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.95%
National
- Number of residents: 11,928
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #27 most common country of origin
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#15. Switzerland
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 42
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.90%
National
- Number of residents: 115,959
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.11%
- #15 most common country of origin
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16 / 34
#16. Wales
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 38
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.82%
National
- Number of residents: 93,744
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.90%
- #20 most common country of origin
17 / 34
#17. France
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 24
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.52%
National
- Number of residents: 104,534
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #18 most common country of origin
18 / 34
#18. Holland
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 22
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.47%
National
- Number of residents: 105,098
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #17 most common country of origin
19 / 34
#19. Australia
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 20
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.43%
National
- Number of residents: 7,041
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #34 most common country of origin
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#20. Hungary
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 19
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.41%
National
- Number of residents: 145,815
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.39%
- #14 most common country of origin
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21 / 34
#21. Denmark
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 19
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.41%
National
- Number of residents: 154,616
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.48%
- #13 most common country of origin
22 / 34
#22. Turkey
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 11
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.24%
National
- Number of residents: 9,949
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #30 most common country of origin
23 / 34
#23. West Indies (except Cuba and Puerto Rico)
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 10
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.21%
National
- Number of residents: 14,468
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #26 most common country of origin
24 / 34
#24. Roumania
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 10
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.21%
National
- Number of residents: 15,043
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #25 most common country of origin
26 / 34
#26. Born at sea
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 9
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.19%
National
- Number of residents: 8,310
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #32 most common country of origin
27 / 34
#27. Bohemia
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.17%
National
- Number of residents: 156,999
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.50%
- #12 most common country of origin
28 / 34
#28. China
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 7
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.15%
National
- Number of residents: 106,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.02%
- #16 most common country of origin
29 / 34
#29. Greece
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 5
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
National
- Number of residents: 8,655
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #31 most common country of origin
30 / 34
#30. Mexico
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
National
- Number of residents: 103,445
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
- #19 most common country of origin
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31 / 34
#31. India
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 2,069
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #42 most common country of origin
32 / 34
#32. Europe (not otherwise specified)
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 2,272
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #41 most common country of origin
33 / 34
#33. Cuba
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 11,159
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #28 most common country of origin
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#34. Africa
Springfield, Illinois
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 2,577
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #40 most common country of origin
