Things that were once illegal in America

From 1920 to 1933, the United States government issued a ban on the production, importation, and sale of alcohol. Religious members of government hoped the 18th Amendment would promote temperance and believed its passing to be a moral victory. But the rise in bootleg spirits and a gang violence led to the repeal of the 18th—and ratification of the 21st Amendment—13 years later.

Interracial marriage and sex, known as miscegenation, was outlawed since before the United States was established as a country. But in 1967, anti-miscegenation laws were deemed unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark Loving v. Virginia case. Today, marriages are more diverse than ever—as of a 2015 Pew Research Center analysis, nearly 17% of all U.S. newlyweds had a spouse of a different race or ethnicity.

Sunday laws, which are also known as Blue Laws, are laws which restrict activities on Sundays for religious reasons. They have been struck down and upheld all over the county since the 19th century. One of these blue laws restricted people from buying or selling goods on Sundays to promote it as a day of rest. Though many counties opted out in this in the mid-1960s, it is still in effect in communities like Bergen, N.J.

Before the 21st century, it was illegal for Floridians to buy any beers that were 15.5 ounces. The state law stated that “[a]ll malt beverages packaged in individual containers sold or offered for sale by vendors at retail in this state” to be “in individual containers containing only 8, 12, 16, or 32 ounces of such malt beverages.” This was thought to be to either restrict the sale of European brews—whose milliliter bottles didn’t convert to whole numbers in the U.S.—or because it was easier for taxation. But this wording was erased in 2001.

Several states used to have bans on fortune telling. In Nebraska, a case went to the Court of Appeals in which a man was charged with running an illegal fortune-telling business. The law was overturned after he argued it violated the First Amendment, but the law is still present in states such as Pennsylvania.

Both married couples and single women were prohibited from using birth control before 1965—and in following years, it remained illegal in 26 states for unmarried women. The Supreme Court deemed the law unconstitutional in Griswold v. Connecticut, and today “the pill” is used by around 10 million women each year; not to mention other hormonal and non-hormonal method).

A group was tasked in 1999 to get rid of some of Michigan’s archaic, bizarre laws that were still in effect. One that was still on the books until 2015 was the law prohibiting “reproachful or contemptuous language” in print against anyone who declines a duel challenge.

Another of these Michigan laws was that “The Star-Spangled Banner” could not be played “for dancing.” This was repealed in 2015.

Citizens also could not play the song in any public place, including theaters, cinemas, and restaurants, without performing it in its entirety.

Not only was dancing to the national anthem in Michigan illegal before 2015, but performing the song with any embellishments was as well.

Despite the fact that it’s legal to drink from an open alcohol container in public in New Orleans, it was illegal in the state to buy or sell a 100 milliliter mini bottle of liquor until 2014.

In Kentucky, it was illegal to buy alcohol from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. whenever the polls were open for a general or primary election. This was because in the pre-Prohibition era, many parties and candidates would use alcohol as a way to buy votes. This law was overturned in 2013.

During World War II, the New York government deemed pinball as a money-stealing game that was taking the focus away from fighting the war overseas. The game was banned in 1942, and more than 2,000 pinball machines were confiscated. It wasn’t until 1972 that the California Supreme Court ruled that the popular game was a skill-based game, not gambling, and the law was overturned.

New York’s Blue Laws started to become less strict as the 20th century rolled on, but golfing was still regarded as a violation on Sundays until 1952.

It may be difficult to imagine a time in which football wasn’t a precious weekend tradition. But in many states, Pennsylvania for example, playing the beloved game on Sundays was outlawed until 1933.

In New York, a “cabaret law” was used to ban dancing in an establishment that didn’t possess a cabaret license—which, according to the New York Daily News, was possessed by fewer than 100 of the 26,000 bars and restaurants in the city. This law was ratified in 1926 as a means to shut down clubs in which black and white patrons danced together; it was struck down in 2017.

In Oxford, Miss., beer was banned until 1972. Afterward, however, it was still illegal to sell refrigerated beer, as many thought that selling warm or room temperature alcohol would deter drunk drivers by discouraging people from buying so much of it. In 2013, the city voted to strike down the law.

In 1896, the Plessy v. Ferguson case set a precedent that said races were to be kept “separate but equal.” But in 1954’s Brown v. Board of Education case, segregation between black and white people was deemed “inherently unequal” and the laws were overturned.

During a 10-year period from 1994 to 2004, the Clinton administration banned the manufacture of certain semi-automatic firearms intended for civilian use that were defined as assault weapons or of “large capacity.” This was called the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, but it hasn’t been renewed since.

Many cities around the country, including Los Angeles and New York City, banned chokeholds in 1980 after police caused a number of deaths by choking subjects. This continued into the early 1990s, but then became mostly ignored until today. Legislators have tried to reintroduce choking bans after police caused more deaths of men like Eric Garner, who was put into a police chokehold.

The infamous Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts outlawed any practice of witchcraft in the late 1600s, though technically the area was still a British Colony at the time. Although Americans have since stopped the practice of suspected witches at the stake, witchcraft wasn’t recognized as a religion in government terms until the 1980s, in the case of Dettmer v. Landon.

The reach of the Blue Laws in New York State even extended to going to the circus, which wasn’t allowed until the 1950s.

In the early 20th century, many women only had one goal in mind: to secure the right to vote. Most white men had enjoyed the privilege since the country was founded, and African-American men were allowed to vote in 1870 under the Fifteenth Amendment—though they faced barriers on local levels until 1965; suffragettes campaigned for their voting rights until 1920 with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

Many American 18 year olds look forward to getting the right to vote, but before 1971, the voting age was 21. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 in federal elections, was likely the result of backlash from the military draft for the Vietnam War, which included men from 18 to 21. “Old enough to fight, old enough to vote” was a main slogan for the movement. It was the quickest Amendment to be ratified.

In many states, sodomy laws were still in effect well into the 20th century. In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld sodomy laws in Bowers v. Hardwick in 1986. But as awareness of sexuality and the LGBTQ rights movement gained strides at the turn of the century, many states did away with these laws. Then, in 2003, the Supreme Court struck down sodomy laws in the 14 states that remained in Lawrence v. Texas.

During the height of the second Red Scare in 1954,  the U.S. government under President Dwight D. Eisenhower made it illegal to align with the Communist Party. When hostility began to die down in the 1960s, the Supreme Court worked to try to undo this legislation. Today, the Communist Party of the U.S. exists and puts forward candidates for elections.

1989’s Ethics Reform Act barred government employees from accepting money for speeches or events. The law was oddly broad, however, and banned them from acts including writing crossword puzzles or teaching dance for pay; the Supreme Court updated the law in 1995.

Before 1936, it was illegal for men to be topless—they were fined if they showed their chests on the beach. Until recently, women were banned from being topless in public, but because of sex discrimination laws and the growing women’s rights movement, many states and local legislatures have allowed women what activists recognize as “topfreedom.”

Cheating on one’s spouse was illegal in most states until the mid-1950s, but as of 2017, it still remains a criminal offense in 21 states. Prosecutions, however, are few and far-between. Today, the Los Angeles Times estimates that “somewhere between 19% and 23% of men, and 14% to 19% of women report being unfaithful at some point in their marriage.”

Despite America’s pride when it comes to freedom of speech, some states have had laws against the use of foul language in public, arguing that it could lead to inciting violence. States’ bans on the use of profanity have often been ruled unconstitutional—like in North Carolina, where its 98-year-law was struck down in 2011. But the state of Virginia has still upheld its law against “profane swearing” in public.