Though every city in the U.S. has a distinctly American flavor, so many metropolitan areas display distinct signs of the immigrant populations that melded together to make the cities we know and love today. From Miami's Little Havana to New York City's Chinatown and Los Angeles' Little Italy, cultural enclaves continue to thrive in modern metropolitan areas and help build colorful and diverse communities.
Many cultural and ethnic enclaves have become destinations for locals and tourists alike, but these visitors bring with them a mixed bag of consequences. On one hand, increased foot traffic allows small businesses and restaurants more opportunities for business, ushering in much-appreciated cash flow. On the other hand, rising demand for goods and services can cause prices to rise, hiking up the cost of living and potentially pushing poorer individuals and families out of the community.
The gentrification of ethnic enclaves is not new. The term "gentrification" was coined by Ruth Glass in the 1960s to describe the displacement of working class folks in London, but the first examples of gentrification can be traced back to the 18th century when wealthy landowners, or the "gentry," began buying out small farmers who were struggling to accumulate the capital necessary to operate in England.
Today, ethnic enclaves continue to thrive despite the looming threats of gentrification and economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. As one step towards understanding the history of these enclaves, Stacker compiled a list of the largest sources of immigrants in Mobile in 1900 by transcribing a previously untranscribed dataset from the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 35 of the Twelfth Census details the immigrant population of every city in the U.S. with at least 25,000 inhabitants as of the turn of the last century.
Read on to find out more about the historical immigrant community in your home city or explore the data on your own on our site, GitHub, or data.world.
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1 / 36
#1. Ireland
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 562
- Percent of foreign born residents: 26.62%
National
- Number of residents: 1,619,409
- Percent of foreign born residents: 15.48%
- #2 most common country of origin
2 / 36
#2. Germany
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 492
- Percent of foreign born residents: 23.31%
National
- Number of residents: 2,669,164
- Percent of foreign born residents: 25.52%
- #1 most common country of origin
3 / 36
#3. England
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 202
- Percent of foreign born residents: 9.57%
National
- Number of residents: 843,491
- Percent of foreign born residents: 8.06%
- #4 most common country of origin
4 / 36
#4. Canada
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 128
- Percent of foreign born residents: 6.06%
National
- Number of residents: 1,183,225
- Percent of foreign born residents: 11.31%
- #3 most common country of origin
5 / 36
#5. France
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 79
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.74%
National
- Number of residents: 104,534
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #18 most common country of origin
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6 / 36
#6. Scotland
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 74
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.51%
National
- Number of residents: 234,699
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.24%
- #11 most common country of origin
7 / 36
#7. Norway
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 65
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.08%
National
- Number of residents: 338,426
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.24%
- #9 most common country of origin
8 / 36
#8. Sweden
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 58
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.75%
National
- Number of residents: 574,625
- Percent of foreign born residents: 5.49%
- #5 most common country of origin
9 / 36
#9. West Indies (except Cuba and Puerto Rico)
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 57
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.70%
National
- Number of residents: 14,468
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #26 most common country of origin
10 / 36
#10. Russia
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 49
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.32%
National
- Number of residents: 424,372
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.06%
- #7 most common country of origin
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11 / 36
#11. Italy
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 43
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.04%
National
- Number of residents: 484,703
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.63%
- #6 most common country of origin
12 / 36
#12. Austria
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 39
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.85%
National
- Number of residents: 276,702
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.65%
- #10 most common country of origin
13 / 36
#13. Switzerland
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 38
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.80%
National
- Number of residents: 115,959
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.11%
- #15 most common country of origin
14 / 36
#14. Spain
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 37
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.75%
National
- Number of residents: 7,284
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #33 most common country of origin
15 / 36
#15. Mexico
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 25
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.18%
National
- Number of residents: 103,445
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
- #19 most common country of origin
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16 / 36
#16. Asia (except China, Japan, and India)
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 24
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.14%
National
- Number of residents: 11,928
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #27 most common country of origin
17 / 36
#17. Denmark
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 21
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
National
- Number of residents: 154,616
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.48%
- #13 most common country of origin
18 / 36
#18. Cuba
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 21
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
National
- Number of residents: 11,159
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #28 most common country of origin
19 / 36
#19. China
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 20
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.95%
National
- Number of residents: 106,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.02%
- #16 most common country of origin
20 / 36
#20. Turkey
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 14
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.66%
National
- Number of residents: 9,949
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #30 most common country of origin
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21 / 36
#21. Central America
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 14
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.66%
National
- Number of residents: 3,911
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
- #36 most common country of origin
22 / 36
#22. South America
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 10
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.47%
National
- Number of residents: 4,814
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
- #35 most common country of origin
23 / 36
#23. Africa
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 9
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.43%
National
- Number of residents: 2,577
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #40 most common country of origin
24 / 36
#24. Born at sea
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.38%
National
- Number of residents: 8,310
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #32 most common country of origin
26 / 36
#26. Portugal
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 5
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.24%
National
- Number of residents: 37,144
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.36%
- #23 most common country of origin
27 / 36
#27. Finland
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 4
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.19%
National
- Number of residents: 63,440
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.61%
- #22 most common country of origin
28 / 36
#28. Europe (not otherwise specified)
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 4
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.19%
National
- Number of residents: 2,272
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #41 most common country of origin
29 / 36
#29. Australia
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 4
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.19%
National
- Number of residents: 7,041
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #34 most common country of origin
30 / 36
#30. Poland
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 3
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
National
- Number of residents: 383,595
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.67%
- #8 most common country of origin
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31 / 36
#31. Holland
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
National
- Number of residents: 105,098
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #17 most common country of origin
32 / 36
#32. Greece
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
National
- Number of residents: 8,655
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #31 most common country of origin
33 / 36
#33. Belgium
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
National
- Number of residents: 29,848
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.29%
- #24 most common country of origin
34 / 36
#34. Hungary
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 145,815
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.39%
- #14 most common country of origin
36 / 36
#36. Atlantic Islands
Mobile, Alabama
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 10,955
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #29 most common country of origin
