42 jobs for Millennials that didn't exist for their parents

Few of us can imagine a world without the internet now, but it wasn't until the mid-1990s that the general public got wind of this newfangled thing called the World Wide Web. Soon after, people felt compelled to make their own websites, which were rudimentary at best and in many cases just plain ugly. Naturally, those with a knack for design began charging for their services, much to the relief of eyeballs around the world. Today, web design is a thriving industry, as is the education to become one; there's no shortage of courses, certificates, and degrees to choose from if you'd like to get into the field.

When eBay came online in 1995 as an auction site, thrift store shoppers and bargain hunters suddenly got access to an entire world of virtual yard sales. The online marketplace still has its share of people trying to turn their household junk into cash, but it's also home to many enterprising sellers who make a living off of their stores. In fact, Sophia Amoruso of #GIRLBOSS fame got her start as a vintage apparel vendor on eBay before going out on her own and launching the Nasty Gal brand, which she built to over $100 million in revenue before the company filed for bankruptcy in 2016. Amoruso has since become a venture investor and entrepreneur educator.

With the internet came a new crop of online businesses with a host of new decisions to think about, from web advertising choices to shipping fulfillment to email marketing and click-through rates. Today, even primarily brick-and-mortar stores often have a web storefront and need a business manager with online sales savvy.

With the rising popularity and dropping cost of genetic testing services, more people than ever are examining their DNA to find out about everything from their risk for inherited health conditions to their bodies' ability to process caffeine. Genetic counselors (who generally need a master's degree in the field) interpret tests and provide counseling and guidance to individuals and families.

The internet made virtual offices possible, and in turn opened the door for virtual administrators. A business could have a CEO in Los Angeles, a web designer in Moscow, a project manager in Dublin, and a virtual assistant in India. These remote professionals are hired to do everything from basic administrative duties to transcription to business bookkeeping.

The push to develop environmentally friendly alternative energy sources has given rise to offshore wind farms (turbines located in bodies of water that generate power from nautical gusts). It's also increased the need for specialized engineers, who put their civil or mechanical engineering degrees to use as they scope, develop, and execute plans for new projects.

All those new wind farms (both on and offshore) require technicians to make sure they're running properly. The job generally requires only some technical education or on-the-job training and is currently recognized by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as one of the fastest-growing occupations in the United States, with a projected growth rate of 30% from 2025 to 2035.

The phrase "cloud computing" was still new in 2006, when Google's Eric Schmidt mentioned it at an industry conference; today it's a ubiquitous term used to describe online data storage and sharing. Careers in this field include engineers, data strategists, database managers, and other related roles.

With even major oil companies claiming a commitment to sustainability, experts in the field are in high demand. Businesses, educational institutions, and other organizations seek guidance from these professionals to make products and processes more environmentally friendly or, in less sincere cases, at least appear to be doing so. Today, there are several MBAs that focus on sustainability; even Harvard offers a sustainability program through its extension school.

What makes a new app addictive, or a piece of software attractive to loyal fans? User experience design (better known as UX design) can be a big part of the equation. UX design is a methodology for creating user-friendly (usually digital) products and services, and UX designers are tasked with considering all factors that relate to a customer's needs and desires, ranging from ease of use to delightful surprises.

It's a scenario that haunts online retailers: customers filling up their virtual shopping carts, then abandoning them instead of checking out. For businesses trying to improve their online sales, e-commerce consultants can offer helpful guidance, whether it's redesigning the checkout experience or improving product images to increase sales conversion rates.

With more computing power came an influx of information, known today as Big Data. Today, analysts in this complex field collect, study, and interpret data to find patterns, trends, and other useful information for companies and organizations.

The Mad Men days of advertising are gone. Sure, magazine and newspaper ads are still around, but many brands today reach their customers through more interactive internet marketing, which often includes less direct brand promotion through vlogs, sponsored social media posts, and other online content.

If your company doesn't come up in a Google search, does your business really exist? Perhaps, but probably not for long, which is why companies seek out search engine optimization specialists to tweak their websites and improve their search rankings. According to Glassdoor, SEO specialists make an average annual salary of $86,547.

In 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration finalized rules allowing commercial operators to fly small unmanned aircraft, commonly known as drones. Now they're a common sight, used to do everything from delivering packages to displaying ads to taking photos and videos. And behind every working drone, of course, is a busy drone pilot, working the controls.

With more and more companies switching to digital files, copy machines are not as relevant as they were in previous decades. But 3D printing (which lets users design and produce tangible objects) is becoming more mainstream, with 3D designers, sculptors, and other professionals applying the technology to industries ranging from fashion to architecture to biotechnology.

Short for "web log," the advent of the blog allowed both professional writers and amateurs to immediately share their favorite links, hobbies, or mundane details of their days in a diary-like format. With the rise of more immediate social media platforms like X and Instagram, the heyday of blogging may already have passed, but the digital journalism format is still far from dead; in 2017, Forbes put together a list of "10 Wildly-Successful Blogs That Earn Outlandish Incomes," ranging from Perez Hilton to Mashable.

It's a job title that still makes many a skeptic raise an eyebrow. Chief happiness officers are tasked with the job of making (or keeping) a company's employees happy. Why would a company care about that? CHO fans argue happy employees do better work and stay at companies longer. Others aren't so sure.

Though chief listening officer is a title that sounds about as touchy-feely as chief happiness officer, the two are actually quite different roles. CLOs are generally responsible for "listening" to the conversations happening about their company, to spot new customer needs and wants, to encourage brand loyalty, and to prevent customer complaints from blowing up into brand crises.

Market research has been around for decades, but the data behind it has changed. Loyalty programs, app activity, online purchase histories, and social media posts now generate enormous streams of consumer information. Market research data miners sift through it with statistical tools and software to uncover buying patterns, predict trends, and help companies decide what to sell and to whom.

Who's visiting your website, from where, and for how long? And how can you make these visitors stay longer, read more, subscribe, or buy products? Web analysts have the job of answering these questions. These professionals are employed to optimize a website, whether that's for improving web traffic or assessing the effectiveness of an online ad campaign.

Mainstream gyms now regularly offer Zumba classes, but the dance exercise didn't even exist until the 1990s, when a dancer and choreographer in Colombia accidentally invented it after he forgot the music for his aerobics class and had to make do with salsa and merengue tapes. Would-be instructors go through a certified training program before teaching these Latin music-inspired workout classes.

Hackers and cyberattacks have made online businesses seek out information security analysts, who devise and implement strategies to protect websites and computer networks. The job requires just a bachelor's degree but boasts a median salary of $129,180 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Forget waiting tables and bartending. Now, people in need of part-time work have the option of becoming amateur taxi drivers, so long as they've got a decent car and driving record to do the job. The more enterprising of these gig economy workers don't just drive; they make fun viral YouTube videos.

But is the end of the Uber era already nigh? Driverless cars are now carrying paying passengers in a growing number of U.S. cities, with Waymo offering robotaxi service in 14 U.S. cities and more than 500,000 rides a week, and Amazon-owned Zoox running a paid service in Las Vegas. While widespread adoption still faces regulatory and technical challenges, the technology continues to advance, with expanded testing and deployment planned through 2026 and beyond.

Video killed the radio star, then YouTube came along and created a new kind of celebrity: the kind that makes amateur online videos that are somehow captivating enough to draw an audience of millions (and serious advertising revenue). Professional YouTubers today make substantial incomes ranging from thousands to millions of dollars a year through advertising revenue, sponsorships, and merchandise sales. Many post videos with production values that often rival those found in mainstream media.

Are you a bit of a tech geek with a passion for sharing your tech geekery with others? Then you might enjoy being a developer evangelist. Part software enthusiast and part gregarious company representative, the developer evangelist acts as a friendly spokesperson for companies, promoting technologies to get others to test and, hopefully, adopt new products, services, and platforms.

Site reliability engineering is another term created by Google, more specifically by engineer Ben Treynor—who put together a site reliability engineering team in 2003 to make Google's website run more smoothly and efficiently. Treynor has described SRE in more detailed terms in an interview, but basically, these professionals work to fix information technology operations problems through solutions aiming to "substitute automation for human labor."

The word "scrum" may only make sense to rugby fans, but it's also the name for a software development methodology. A team of developers breaks down tasks for individual work and regroups to reassess and plan next steps, and the scrum master acts as a facilitator.

Can you do the math—and program it too? That's the job of the machine learning engineer, who must be skilled in both data science and coding. These professionals are in high demand these days, especially in the growing artificial intelligence field.

Why live in your rent-controlled apartment when you can rent it out—and live somewhere more exotic for pennies on the dollar? Since Airbnb launched in 2008, many homeowners and renters have found side incomes hosting strangers in their living spaces. The service hasn't been without its controversies, from stories of unfair evictions to guests-turned-squatters, but the site today boasts more than 8 million listings worldwide.

Founded in 2000, CrossFit has taken the fitness world by storm with its intense workout regimens that include weightlifting, plyometrics, gymnastics, and more. Although CrossFit has gotten some flak for causing unnecessary injuries, the regimen is now practiced in more than 13,000 affiliated gyms. Certified CrossFit coaches have to go through a four-level training program.

Back in the day, people just played video games for fun. But today, many gamers play for money, earned through sponsorship deals and subscriber fees. Because yes, these days, people pay good money to watch other people play video games. The most popular streamers on Twitch, the biggest video platform and community for gamers, can earn "well into seven figures" according to The New Yorker.

Smartphone owners now use more than 30 apps in a given month. So it's no surprise that businesses ranging from restaurants to yoga studios are in a frenzy to find good developers. Of course, many enterprising developers just create apps on their own, hoping to hit it big with the next Candy Crush or Poshmark.

Why spend hours waiting in urgent care when you can consult a doctor from the comfort of your your laptop? Telehealth providers like American Well and Doctor on Demand offer virtual consults with a doctor via phone or video, often within minutes. Doctors are signing up to take advantage of this new source of income, with some doing so well with the long-distance gigs that they're opting to quit their regular practices.

When it comes to second-hand fashion, eBay has fallen out of vogue. Today's fashionistas find their bargains on Poshmark, the smartphone-based social marketplace for buying and selling clothes and accessories. Savvy sellers are scouring thrift stores and retail store sales racks to flip the fashions for a profit; successful Poshmark entrepreneurs can make up to six figures from the app.

Committed environmentalists don't let death part them from their green ideals. Instead, they plan their green burials, reducing the environmental impact of their funerals by, for example, shunning toxic embalming fluids. Green funeral directors guide people and families through tasks like picking out eco-friendly coffins to organizing tree-planting memorial services.

The word "podcasting" first entered the lexicon in 2004, thanks to Guardian journalist Ben Hammersley. Today, almost everyone seems to have a podcast or to be getting ready to launch one. Podcasters can make money from ads and sponsors, but many have a more diversified income model: using their podcasts as a calling card of sorts to sell books and products, find coaching clients, or book speaking gigs.

Amassed thousands of Instagram fans by posting workout videos? Got a gigantic Twitter following by tweeting funny jokes? Congratulations—you're an influencer! Brands today regularly reach out to people with large social media followings, offering them free products, fancy trips, and of course, cold hard cash, to promote their products and services. Indeed, seven-figure "brand ambassador" deals with major companies are becoming regular news.

Facebook. Twitter. Instagram. Snapchat. Managing all these social media profiles—and the stream of likes/comments/complaints that come in through them— has literally become a full-time job for the many people who serve as chatty, personable spokespeople for brands. Social media managers work to increase brand awareness and popularity by improving a company's social media profile with more followers and stronger engagement.

Reading through Facebook posts sounds like an easy enough job, but journalists report the task is tougher than it first appears. Content moderators for YouTube, Facebook, and other social websites are responsible for scrubbing offensive content—and being confronted with inappropriate pics, hate speech, and gory videos day after day is not a job for the faint-hearted. Still, as social media sites grow, the need for content moderators will continue to increase.

Are Millennials self-absorbed or deeply altruistic? Jaded or optimistic? Materialistic or wary of the rat race? Depending on the news story, Millennials are all of the above—and companies are shelling out big bucks to figure out how exactly to reach the younger generation. That's created a new crop of Millennial generational consultants, who are cashing in by surveying Millennials' habits and reporting the trends.