Though every city in the U.S. has a distinctly American flavor, so many metropolitan areas display distinct signs of the immigrant populations that melded together to make the cities we know and love today. From Miami's Little Havana to New York City's Chinatown and Los Angeles' Little Italy, cultural enclaves continue to thrive in modern metropolitan areas and help build colorful and diverse communities.
Many cultural and ethnic enclaves have become destinations for locals and tourists alike, but these visitors bring with them a mixed bag of consequences. On one hand, increased foot traffic allows small businesses and restaurants more opportunities for business, ushering in much-appreciated cash flow. On the other hand, rising demand for goods and services can cause prices to rise, hiking up the cost of living and potentially pushing poorer individuals and families out of the community.
The gentrification of ethnic enclaves is not new. The term "gentrification" was coined by Ruth Glass in the 1960s to describe the displacement of working class folks in London, but the first examples of gentrification can be traced back to the 18th century when wealthy landowners, or the "gentry," began buying out small farmers who were struggling to accumulate the capital necessary to operate in England.
Today, ethnic enclaves continue to thrive despite the looming threats of gentrification and economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. As one step towards understanding the history of these enclaves, Stacker compiled a list of the largest sources of immigrants in New Haven in 1900 by transcribing a previously untranscribed dataset from the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 35 of the Twelfth Census details the immigrant population of every city in the U.S. with at least 25,000 inhabitants as of the turn of the last century.
Read on to find out more about the historical immigrant community in your home city or explore the data on your own on our site, GitHub, or data.world.
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#1. Ireland
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 10,491
- Percent of foreign born residents: 34.06%
National
- Number of residents: 1,619,409
- Percent of foreign born residents: 15.48%
- #2 most common country of origin
2 / 40
#2. Italy
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 5,262
- Percent of foreign born residents: 17.08%
National
- Number of residents: 484,703
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.63%
- #6 most common country of origin
3 / 40
#3. Germany
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 4,743
- Percent of foreign born residents: 15.40%
National
- Number of residents: 2,669,164
- Percent of foreign born residents: 25.52%
- #1 most common country of origin
4 / 40
#4. Russia
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 3,193
- Percent of foreign born residents: 10.37%
National
- Number of residents: 424,372
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.06%
- #7 most common country of origin
6 / 40
#6. Sweden
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 1,376
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.47%
National
- Number of residents: 574,625
- Percent of foreign born residents: 5.49%
- #5 most common country of origin
7 / 40
#7. Canada
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 1,170
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.80%
National
- Number of residents: 1,183,225
- Percent of foreign born residents: 11.31%
- #3 most common country of origin
8 / 40
#8. Scotland
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 761
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.47%
National
- Number of residents: 234,699
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.24%
- #11 most common country of origin
9 / 40
#9. Poland
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 366
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.19%
National
- Number of residents: 383,595
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.67%
- #8 most common country of origin
10 / 40
#10. Austria
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 286
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.93%
National
- Number of residents: 276,702
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.65%
- #10 most common country of origin
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#11. Denmark
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 234
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.76%
National
- Number of residents: 154,616
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.48%
- #13 most common country of origin
12 / 40
#12. Switzerland
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 189
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.61%
National
- Number of residents: 115,959
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.11%
- #15 most common country of origin
13 / 40
#13. France
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 144
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.47%
National
- Number of residents: 104,534
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #18 most common country of origin
14 / 40
#14. Norway
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 119
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.39%
National
- Number of residents: 338,426
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.24%
- #9 most common country of origin
16 / 40
#16. Belgium
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 68
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.22%
National
- Number of residents: 29,848
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.29%
- #24 most common country of origin
17 / 40
#17. Wales
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 65
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.21%
National
- Number of residents: 93,744
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.90%
- #20 most common country of origin
18 / 40
#18. Hungary
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 65
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.21%
National
- Number of residents: 145,815
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.39%
- #14 most common country of origin
19 / 40
#19. West Indies (except Cuba and Puerto Rico)
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 45
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.15%
National
- Number of residents: 14,468
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #26 most common country of origin
20 / 40
#20. Turkey
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 38
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.12%
National
- Number of residents: 9,949
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #30 most common country of origin
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21 / 40
#21. Asia (except China, Japan, and India)
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 29
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
National
- Number of residents: 11,928
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #27 most common country of origin
22 / 40
#22. Roumania
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 27
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
National
- Number of residents: 15,043
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #25 most common country of origin
23 / 40
#23. Holland
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 19
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 105,098
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #17 most common country of origin
24 / 40
#24. Finland
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 18
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 63,440
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.61%
- #22 most common country of origin
26 / 40
#26. Other countries
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 16
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 2,587
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #39 most common country of origin
27 / 40
#27. Portugal
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 16
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 37,144
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.36%
- #23 most common country of origin
28 / 40
#28. South America
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 15
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
National
- Number of residents: 4,814
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
- #35 most common country of origin
29 / 40
#29. Japan
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 12
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
National
- Number of residents: 81,590
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.78%
- #21 most common country of origin
30 / 40
#30. Central America
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 12
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
National
- Number of residents: 3,911
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
- #36 most common country of origin
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#31. Greece
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 10
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
National
- Number of residents: 8,655
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #31 most common country of origin
32 / 40
#32. Australia
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 9
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
National
- Number of residents: 7,041
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #34 most common country of origin
33 / 40
#33. Spain
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
National
- Number of residents: 7,284
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #33 most common country of origin
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#34. Bohemia
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 8
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
National
- Number of residents: 156,999
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.50%
- #12 most common country of origin
35 / 40
#35. India
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 5
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 2,069
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #42 most common country of origin
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#36. Cuba
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 5
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 11,159
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #28 most common country of origin
37 / 40
#37. Atlantic Islands
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 4
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 10,955
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #29 most common country of origin
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#38. Europe (not otherwise specified)
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 3
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 2,272
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #41 most common country of origin
39 / 40
#39. Mexico
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 2
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 103,445
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
- #19 most common country of origin
40 / 40
#40. Pacific Islands (except Phillipine Islands)
New Haven, Connecticut
- Number of residents: 1
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 2,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
- #38 most common country of origin
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