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Skilled nursing facilities in these states make the most revenue per bed

·Jennifer Huizen

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As the American population ages, more families are turning to skilled nursing facilities to help look after their loved ones.

Skilled nursing facilities, or SNFs, are staffed by trained medical professionals who care for people requiring nursing, medical, or rehabilitative services. Most people in SNFs have been discharged from the hospital but cannot safely return home, often due to an inability to move on their own or perform medical treatments. In addition to caring for older adults, SNFs can provide rehab for people of any age, as well as support for people living with disabilities.

SNFs are in a class of their own. They typically don't provide the same level of care as hospitals, and unlike nursing homes, they are meant to provide temporary care. Given their unique purpose, they fill an important niche in the caregiving landscape.

In July, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services updated its Medicare payment policies and rates for SNFs, increasing spending by over 4%, or $1.4 billion in the fiscal year 2025. Though the cost of staying in an SNF varies based on location and the type of care required, 2024's median national cost for a private room in an SNF is $330 per day and $294 per day for a semiprivate room, according to an estimate from SeniorLiving.org. Along with the recent updates, financial penalties on facilities with health and safety deficiencies can be imposed, raising the stakes for SNFs.

Nursing Homes examined data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to determine which states bring in the most revenue at their skilled nursing facilities. The data was calculated by dividing the net patient revenue by the total number of beds. It exclusively represents dedicated skilled nursing facilities and does not include nursing homes or other facilities with skilled nursing beds.

While the demand for care at SNFs rises, many of these facilities operate under precarious financial circumstances. According to an Economic State of Skilled Nursing Facility Industry report released in February 2023, SNFs are facing a series of unprecedented challenges, including issues stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, like a decline in occupancy rates, increases in operating costs, and staffing problems. The 2023 projected median operating margins, or profitability ratio, show many SNFs barely breaking even, according to the report.

Those rising costs are passed on to the consumer. Given the dire financial state of many SNFs, facilities are under mounting pressure to become profitable.

A U.S. map showing how revenue per bed varies by state with data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Servies. As skilled nursing facilities face staff shortages and care costs rise, revenue per bed reached $80,000 on average in 2921.

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How states are responding to rising care costs

The cost of care in SNFs varies widely across the nation. Alaska has the highest health care costs in the nation, in part due to the state's low population and subsequent smaller pool of trained medical professionals. Facilities in rural communities may also end up paying much more for utilities like electricity and heat, and costs can be higher if they need to stay in a hospital.

Alaska also has the fewest skilled nursing beds per capita in the U.S. To help address the growing SNF crisis in America's northernmost state, lawmakers approved a proposal for the construction of a $48 million, 150-bed skilled nursing facility in Anchorage in the spring of 2023.

Like Alaska, SNFs in Hawaiʻi are likely so expensive because many basic necessities like utilities and food tend to be more expensive on the island than on the mainland. Hawaiʻi also has a severe shortage of health care professionals of all kinds, especially nurses. A 2021 report from the Hawaii State Center for Nursing found that the state had roughly 300 to 400 fewer nurses than necessary to meet demand.

To counter rising costs, representatives in Hawai'i and Alaska are pushing for the adoption of the Equitable Payments for Nursing Facilities Act of 2023. If passed, the act would authorize a cost-of-living adjustment for SNFs in states with notably higher operating costs.

New York, Washington D.C., and Delaware also came in near the top of the list; the reasons for their high costs are harder to tease out. However, one major challenge facing SNFs is a nationwide nursing shortage.

New York alone is expected to face a shortage of nearly 40,000 nurses by 2030. The cost of staffing SNFs has also increased by 20% over the last two years, up from 12% the previous year. This sharp increase may be due to staffing shortages among the many medical professionals employed by these facilities, including registered nurses, physician assistants, and physical therapists. Part-time certified nursing assistants who provide crucial services in SNFs are also experiencing high turnover rates, which may point to facilities offering too few or too many hours.

Despite the financial and logistical obstacles facing SNFs, there are signs of improvement on the horizon. Government spending bumps, like those recently introduced by CMS, will help reduce the cost burden for some people seeking care and help stabilize SNF bottom lines.

Occupancy rates in SNFs are also rising steadily. What's more, if the Equitable Payments for Nursing Facilities Act is passed, it could help to standardize costs across state lines.

Health care researchers are also testing new ways to provide care in places lacking sufficient skilled nursing facilities. In one ongoing study, researchers from the UMass Chan Medical School are examining the feasibility and efficacy of providing at-home, post-hospital skilled nursing care to 650 patients.

As the population ages, Americans will need more care—and more solutions.

Story editing by Alizah Salario. Additional editing by Kelly Glass. Copy editing by Kristen Wegrzyn.

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