Education pays.
At least, that's what Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows. Higher degree holders earn more and experience lower unemployment rates than those without degrees or with lesser degrees. On a weekly basis, master's degree holders earn over $500 more than the median for all U.S. workers over age 25, and doctoral degree holders earn about $850 more than that median. Professional degree holders like doctors, lawyers, and veterinarians earn even more, at nearly $870 more than the median.
However, advanced degrees often cost significant funds to obtain. A year of graduate tuition and fees cost about $19,750 for the 2020-21 academic year, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. The average at private institutions was even more, at $26,620 per year. Some programs offer assistantships or fellowships that offset those costs, but many students will be on the hook for paying or borrowing tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Other data from the center, released in July 2023, shows that nearly 3 in 4 graduate students received financial aid in the 2019-20 academic year, in amounts averaging about $25,300.
The catch? Much of the aid doled out to graduate students is in loans. Graduate students who took out loans averaged $26,000, compared to an average of $11,300 in grant funds among recipients. A Center for American Progress analysis found that graduate debt rose from 2010-11 to 2017-18 while undergraduate debt fell, and the share of student debt accumulated by graduate students rose to 40%.
Is the higher pay worth the cost? That's up to prospective graduate students to decide. Using Bureau of Labor Statistics data, Stacker compiled a list of the highest-paying jobs that require a graduate degree in Philadelphia, painting a clearer picture of the earnings potential. Jobs listed here require a master's, doctorate, or other professional degree and are ranked by their median annual pay as of May 2022. Any jobs without annual compensation figures available were excluded from this analysis.
Read on to see what a graduate degree could earn you in Philadelphia.
This story features data reporting and writing by Paxtyn Merten and is part of a series utilizing data automation across 366 metros.
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1 / 50#50. Political science teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $85,570
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 420 people (0.15 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
I. Noyan Yilmaz // // Shutterstock
2 / 50#49. Environmental science teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $86,210
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 80 people (0.03 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Gorodenkoff // Shutterstock
3 / 50#48. Computer science teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $87,510
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 970 people (0.35 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Matej Kastelic // Shutterstock
4 / 50#47. Business teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $92,880
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 2,200 people (0.8 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
VH-studio // Shutterstock
5 / 50#46. School psychologists
- Median annual wage: $93,690
- Median hourly wage: $45.04
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 1,840 people (0.66 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
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#45. Speech-language pathologists
- Median annual wage: $94,980
- Median hourly wage: $45.66
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 3,170 people (1.14 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Jacob Lund // Shutterstock
7 / 50#44. Physics teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $96,700
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 500 people (0.18 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Monkey Business Images // Shutterstock
8 / 50#43. Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $97,560
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 330 people (0.12 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Ground Picture // Shutterstock
9 / 50#42. Law teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $98,350
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 330 people (0.12 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Pressmaster // Shutterstock
11 / 50#40. Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $98,600
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 3,830 people (1.38 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Jacob Lund // Shutterstock
12 / 50#39. Education administrators, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $99,000
- Median hourly wage: $47.60
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 4,480 people (1.62 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
ESB Professional // Shutterstock
13 / 50#38. Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $99,660
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 280 people (0.1 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
ABO PHOTOGRAPHY // Shutterstock
14 / 50#37. Occupational therapists
- Median annual wage: $99,770
- Median hourly wage: $47.97
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 3,880 people (1.4 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Aykut Erdogdu // Shutterstock
15 / 50#36. Physical therapists
- Median annual wage: $101,970
- Median hourly wage: $49.02
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 6,120 people (2.21 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
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16 / 50#35. Economics teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $102,770
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 400 people (0.14 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Gorodenkoff // Shutterstock
17 / 50#34. Epidemiologists
- Median annual wage: $103,530
- Median hourly wage: $49.77
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 70 people (0.02 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
luchschenF // Shutterstock
18 / 50#33. Biochemists and biophysicists
- Median annual wage: $103,620
- Median hourly wage: $49.82
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 2,130 people (0.77 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#32. Psychologists, all other
- Median annual wage: $104,940
- Median hourly wage: $50.45
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 300 people (0.11 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Gorodenkoff // Shutterstock
20 / 50#31. Medical scientists, except epidemiologists
- Median annual wage: $106,360
- Median hourly wage: $51.14
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 3,230 people (1.16 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
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21 / 50#30. Engineering teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $108,020
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 2,030 people (0.73 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Jacob Lund // Shutterstock
22 / 50#29. Architecture teachers, postsecondary
- Median annual wage: $109,840
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 460 people (0.16 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Petekub // Shutterstock
23 / 50#28. Economists
- Median annual wage: $112,720
- Median hourly wage: $54.19
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 220 people (0.08 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Gorodenkoff // Shutterstock
24 / 50#27. Computer and information research scientists
- Median annual wage: $115,200
- Median hourly wage: $55.39
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 380 people (0.14 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#26. Veterinarians
- Median annual wage: $115,960
- Median hourly wage: $55.75
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 1,570 people (0.57 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
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26 / 50#25. Nurse midwives
- Median annual wage: $122,900
- Median hourly wage: $59.09
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 130 people (0.05 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Monkey Business Images // Shutterstock
27 / 50#24. Nurse practitioners
- Median annual wage: $124,020
- Median hourly wage: $59.62
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 4,200 people (1.52 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Stokkete // Shutterstock
28 / 50#23. Physician assistants
- Median annual wage: $125,800
- Median hourly wage: $60.48
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 2,500 people (0.9 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#22. Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary
- Median annual wage: $126,880
- Median hourly wage: Not available
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 5,260 people (1.9 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#21. Lawyers
- Median annual wage: $128,750
- Median hourly wage: $61.90
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 18,450 people (6.66 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
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#20. Pharmacists
- Median annual wage: $132,520
- Median hourly wage: $63.71
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 7,050 people (2.55 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#19. Podiatrists
- Median annual wage: $132,940
- Median hourly wage: $63.91
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 260 people (0.09 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Kzenon // Shutterstock
33 / 50#18. Optometrists
- Median annual wage: $137,690
- Median hourly wage: $66.20
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 750 people (0.27 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#17. Dentists, general
- Median annual wage: $157,660
- Median hourly wage: $75.80
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 2,510 people (0.91 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
Sebastian Duda // Shutterstock
35 / 50#16. Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates
- Median annual wage: $177,900
- Median hourly wage: $85.53
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 230 people (0.08 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Short-term on-the-job training
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#15. Dentists, all other specialists
- Median annual wage: $192,670
- Median hourly wage: $92.63
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 40 people (0.02 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
#14. Pediatricians, general
- Median annual wage: $204,340
- Median hourly wage: $98.24
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 590 people (0.21 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
#13. Nurse anesthetists
- Median annual wage: $205,880
- Median hourly wage: $98.98
- Education required: Master's degree
- Total employment: 980 people (0.35 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
indukas // Shutterstock
39 / 50#12. Physicists
- Median annual wage: $209,850
- Median hourly wage: $100.89
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 220 people (0.08 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: None
#11. Family medicine physicians
- Median annual wage: $218,240
- Median hourly wage: $104.93
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 3,840 people (1.38 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
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#1. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 70 people (0.02 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
#1. Anesthesiologists (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 490 people (0.18 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Komsan Loonprom // Shutterstock
43 / 50#1. Cardiologists (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 250 people (0.09 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Dmytro Zinkevych // Shutterstock
44 / 50#1. Dermatologists (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 480 people (0.17 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Djols // Shutterstock
45 / 50#1. Emergency medicine physicians (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 160 people (0.06 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
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#1. General internal medicine physicians (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 460 people (0.17 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
#1. Obstetricians and gynecologists (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 300 people (0.11 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
LightField Studios // Shutterstock
48 / 50#1. Psychiatrists (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 520 people (0.19 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Roman Zaiets // Shutterstock
49 / 50#1. Radiologists (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 570 people (0.21 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
Photoroyalty // Shutterstock
50 / 50#1. Surgeons, all other (tie)
- Median annual wage: Exact median salary unknown; at least $239,200 per year or $115 per hour
- Education required: Doctoral or professional degree
- Total employment: 260 people (0.1 of every 1,000 jobs in the area)
- Required on-the-job training to attain competency: Internship/residency
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