How colleges can become 'living labs' for combating climate change

NEW PALTZ, N.Y. — At the end of a semester that presaged one of the hottest summers on record, the students in Associate Professor Michael Sheridan's business class were pitching proposals to cut waste and emissions on their campus and help turn it into a vehicle for fighting climate change.

Flanking a giant whiteboard at the front of the classroom, members of the team campaigning to build a solar canopy on a SUNY New Paltz parking lot delivered their pitch. The sunbaked lot near the athletic center was an ideal spot for a shaded solar panel structure, they said, a conduit for solar energy that could curb the campus's reliance on natural gas. 

The project would require $43,613 in startup money. It would be profitable within roughly five years, the students said. And over 50 years, it would save the university $787,130 in energy costs.

"Solar canopies have worked for other universities, including other SUNY schools," said Ian Lominski, a graduating senior who said he hopes to one day work for the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. "It's well within the realm of possibility for SUNY New Paltz." 

Sheridan's course is an example of an approach known as "campus as a living lab," which seeks to simultaneously educate students and reduce the carbon footprint of college campuses, The Hechinger Report explains. Over the past decade, a growing number of professors in fields as diverse as business, English, and the performing arts have integrated their teaching with efforts to minimize their campuses' waste and emissions, at a time when human-created climate change is fueling dangerous weather and making life on Earth increasingly unstable. 

Engineering students have helped retrofit buildings. Theater students have produced no-waste productions. Ecology students have restored campus wetlands. Architecture students have modeled campus buildings' airflow and worked to improve their energy efficiency. The efforts are so diverse that it's difficult to get a complete count of them, but they've popped up on hundreds of campuses around the country.

"I think it's a very, very positive step," said Bryan Alexander, a senior scholar at Georgetown University and author of the book "Universities on Fire: Higher Education in the Climate Crisis." "You've got the campus materials, you've got the integration of teaching and research, which we claim to value, and it's also really good for students in a few ways," including by helping them take action on climate in ways that can improve mental health.

That said, the work faces difficulties, among them that courses typically last only a semester, making it hard to maintain projects. But academics and experts see promising results: Students learn practical skills in a real-world context, and their projects provide vivid examples to help educate entire campuses and communities about solutions to alleviate climate change.

From the food waste students and staff produce, to emissions from commuting to campus and flying to conferences, to the energy needed to power campus buildings, higher education has a significant climate footprint. In New York, buildings are among the single largest sources of carbon emissions—and the State University of New York system owns a whopping 40% of the state's public buildings. 

About 15 years ago, college leaders began adding "sustainability officers" to their payrolls and signing commitments to achieve carbon neutrality. But only a dozen of the 400 institutions that signed on have achieved net-zero emissions to date, according to Bridget Flynn, senior manager of climate programs with the nonprofit Second Nature, which runs the network of universities committed to decarbonizing. (The SUNY system has a goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2045, per its chancellor, John B. King Jr.) 

Campus sustainability efforts have faced hurdles including politics and declining enrollment and revenue, say experts. "Higher ed is in crisis and institutions are so concerned about keeping their doors open, and sustainability is seen as nice to have instead of essential," said Meghan Fay Zahniser, who leads the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education. 

But there's change happening on some campuses, she and others noted. At Dickinson College, in Pennsylvania, a net-zero campus since 2020, students in statistics classes have run data analyses to assess why certain buildings are less efficient than others. Psychology students studying behavior change helped the campus dining hall adopt a practice of offering half, full, and double portions to cut down on food waste. Physics students designed solar thermal boxes to boost renewable biogas production on an organic farm owned by the college. 

Neil Leary, associate provost and director of the college's Center for Sustainability Education, teaches classes in sustainability. Last fall's students analyzed climate risks and resilience strategies for the campus and its surrounding county and then ran a workshop for community members. Among the recommendations emerging from the class: that athletic coaches and facilities staff receive training on heat-related health risks. 

Similarly, at SUNY Binghamton, Pamela Mischen, chief sustainability officer and an environmental studies professor, teaches a course called Planning the Sustainable University. Her students, who come from majors including environmental studies, engineering, and pre-law, have helped develop campus green purchasing systems, started a student-run community garden, and improved reuse rates for classroom furniture. 

And across the country, at Weber State University in Utah, students have joined the campus's push toward renewable energy. Engineering students, for example, helped build a solar-powered charging station on a picnic table. A professor in the school's construction and building sciences program led students in designing and building a net-zero house. 

On the leafy SUNY New Paltz campus about 80 miles north of Manhattan, campus sustainability coordinator Lisa Mitten has spent more than a decade working to reduce the university's environmental toll. Among the projects she runs is a sustainability faculty fellows program that helps professors incorporate climate action into their instruction.