The causes and conditions that lead to homelessness are varied and complex. Issues like domestic abuse, addiction, financial hardship, eviction, disabilities, and mental illness can contribute to or cause an often-sudden change in living situations that can leave adults, children, families, or veterans without shelter, food, or medical care.
According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, 567,715 people were homeless in 2019. Because of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world's population in 2020, those numbers could potentially be higher as the world recovers. Homeless individuals already suffer from chronic medical conditions at a rate much higher than housed individuals, and the pandemic has put the most vulnerable members of an already vulnerable population at greater risk.
The issue of homelessness also has disproportionate effects on minority populations. LGBTQ youth experience one of the highest rates of homelessness: 29% have been homeless.
Much of the funding for state programs comes from federal grants provided by the United States Office of Housing and Urban Development. Though federal funds are accessed for services other than those that provide shelter as their primary resource, many homeless shelters, food banks, and free or low-cost medical clinics remain functional through multiple funding and staffing streams, including the utilization of volunteer workers, private donations, and corporate partnerships. Medical services in particular receive little funding from federal sources.
Though there are ample phone numbers to call, from local 211 hotlines to national crisis centers, many homeless people experience challenges accessing resources, transitioning into programs—some of which have stringent protocols to maintain alcohol and drug abstinence, or participating in other treatment programs. Stacker compiled a list of resources in each state that help house and serve local homeless populations using a variety of government, private, charitable, nonprofit, and academic sources.
Keep reading to find out how your state is helping alleviate homelessness.
[Pictured: An aerial view of San Francisco's first temporary sanctioned tent encampment for the homeless on May 18, 2020.]
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1 / 51Alabama: Homeless to Independence
Calling 211 is the first step for many seeking assistance for basic housing, food, and health care needs in Alabama. Various local shelters and food assistance programs are available throughout the state, one being Homeless to Independence, which provides necessary supplies for homeless individuals and families.
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2 / 51Alaska: Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
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3 / 51Arizona: Arizona Department of Economic Security
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4 / 51Arkansas: Arkansas Department of Human Services
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5 / 51California: California Department of Social Services
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6 / 51Colorado: Colorado Coalition for the Homeless
Resources for housing, employment, and child care are available throughout Colorado. Whether they’re for families or single individuals, for the Native American population, or those with substance use issues, there are specific programs available to provide assistance.
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7 / 51Connecticut: Connecticut State Housing and Homeless Services Unit
Dialing 211 can provide access to various services in Connecticut. The state provides programs for people in need of rental assistance, permanent housing, mental health treatment, and more.
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8 / 51Delaware: Delaware Division of State Services Center
Accessing local programs in Delaware involves utilizing a state-run network of service providers. Emergency housing, financial assistance, and support services can be accessed through the Delaware Division of State Services website.
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9 / 51Florida: Florida Coalition to End Homelessness
Florida provides resources for the homeless through the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Feeding America, and the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans. Access to those programs, along with specific locations and contact numbers, can be found by contacting the Florida Coalition to End Homelessness.
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10 / 51Georgia: Georgia Department of Community Affairs
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11 / 51Hawaii: University of Hawai’i at Manoa
The University of Hawai’i at Manoa has compiled a comprehensive list of resources for homeless people throughout the state. Among the available options are programs to help house those with mental health issues and free medical services for the uninsured.
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12 / 51Idaho: Idaho Housing and Finance Association
Homeless individuals in Idaho are able to access aid through federal programs. The average wait time for a response to a rental assistance application is 12-24 months. For financial education, legal support, immediate eviction mediation, and housing support, organizations like Jesse Tree may be able to help in a matter of days.
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13 / 51Illinois: Illinois Department of Human Services
Help is available in Illinois through its Department of Human Services. The state connects individuals with services to prevent homelessness, provide emergency COVID-19 housing, and protect homeless youth.
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14 / 51Indiana: Indiana Coalition for Homeless Intervention & Prevention
A comprehensive list of local services is provided in the Indiana Coalition for Homeless Intervention & Prevention’s Handbook of Help. Services for veterans, the Latinx community, LGBTQ individuals, and more are listed within.
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15 / 51Iowa: Iowa Finance Authority
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16 / 51Kansas: University of Kansas Medical Center
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17 / 51Kentucky: Homeless and Housing Coalition of Kentucky
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18 / 51Louisiana: Louisiana Balance of State Continuum of Care
Federally funded agencies in Louisiana list ways to contact and connect with local resources in the state. Various municipalities provide localized services, some of which include emergency housing, street outreach teams, and services for victims of domestic violence.
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19 / 51Maine: Maine State Housing Authority
The Maine State Housing Authority lists emergency shelters by county. Its Stability through Engagement (STEP) program provides short-term rental assistance to individuals in order to assist them in finding more stable, permanent housing.
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20 / 51Maryland: Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development
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21 / 51Massachusetts: Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development
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22 / 51Michigan: Michigan State Housing Development Authority
The Michigan State Housing Development Authority provides assistance to “extremely low-income households” who meet all application requirements. Their 811 Project Rental Assistance program lists two locations that provide housing, making a total of 12 units available. More resources are available through localized community programs.
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23 / 51Minnesota: Disability Hub MN
Services for homeless or disabled individuals are easily accessible in Minnesota through the Hub, a comprehensive database organized by the state. Resources are separated by county, and individuals seeking assistance can connect with support workers through online chats, by email, or by calling during business hours.
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24 / 51Mississippi: Mississippi United to End Homelessness
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25 / 51Missouri: Missouri Department of Social Services
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26 / 51Montana: Poverello Center, Inc.
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27 / 51Nebraska: Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services
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28 / 51Nevada: Nevada Homeless Alliance
According to The United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, 7,169 individuals, including 1,285 youths without adult supervision, were homeless in Nevada in January 2019. The Nevada Homeless Alliance connects individuals needing support with providers. Services include emergency shelter and employment assistance.
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29 / 51New Hampshire: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services
The state of New Hampshire provides information about local housing and assistance programs through a 211 hotline. There are six shelters providing specialized programs for youth, substance use treatment, pregnant women, and female ex-offenders.
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30 / 51New Jersey: New Jersey COVID-19 Information Hub
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31 / 51New Mexico: New Mexico Mortgage Finance Authority
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32 / 51New York: Coalition for the Homeless
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33 / 51North Carolina: North Carolina Coalition to End Homelessness
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34 / 51North Dakota: North Dakota Homeless Coalition
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35 / 51Ohio: Coalition on Homelessness and Housing in Ohio
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36 / 51Oklahoma: HeartLine Oklahoma
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38 / 51Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Office of Homeless Services
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39 / 51Rhode Island: Rhode Island Coalition for the Homeless
A variety of services can be accessed through a list of contacts at the Rhode Island Coalition for the Homeless. The coalition hotline provides assistance in multiple languages to meet the needs of a wider number of residents. The Rhode Island Food Bank has a map of resources, including local support organizations and food banks that supply meals and groceries.
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41 / 51South Dakota: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
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42 / 51Tennessee: Tennessee Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services
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43 / 51Texas: Texas Health and Human Services
For housing assistance and additional services, individuals in Texas can call 211 or reach out to Texas Health and Human Services. Resources are provided for each local area and provide services for adults with mental illness and families in need. Both permanent housing programs and temporary shelters are available.
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44 / 51Utah: Salt Lake County Homeless Services
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45 / 51Vermont: Department of Children and Families
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46 / 51Virginia: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
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47 / 51Washington: Washington State Department of Commerce
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48 / 51Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Human Services
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49 / 51West Virginia: West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources
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50 / 51Wisconsin: Wisconsin Department of Children and Families
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51 / 51Wyoming: Wyoming 211
Wyoming provides connections to all available support services through 211, both by phone and online. Also available online are maps of shelters, resources for financial help, and programs for veterans, families, and those with substance use challenges.