Church Street Marketplace in Burlington, Vermont during sunrise.

Worst-run cities in America

Written by:
Data work by:
Elena Cox
Wade Zhou
August 1, 2023
Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

Worst-run cities in America

State and local governments play an important role in the U.S. economy, contributing nearly 15% of our GDP and more than 20 million jobs, according to a March 2024 report from the Department of the Treasury. But across the country, those numbers can translate to very different standards of living for Americans.

Though historically high inflation rates cooled in 2024, many cities continue to face long-lasting socio-economic issues like homelessness, lack of transportation access, and high poverty rates. Of course, poor city management only exacerbates these problems.

Time will tell whether these struggling cities can change. In the meantime, Stacker listed the 50 worst-run cities in the United States using the 2025 edition of WalletHub's Best- and Worst-Run Cities in America, released in June 2024. Cities are ranked by their overall operating efficiency, which is determined by the quality of services and total budget per capita.

Factors used to determine the overall quality of city services rank and score comprise weighted average scores in six key categories, including financial stability, education, health, safety, economy, and infrastructure and pollution. Scores for each of the six categories were evaluated based on 36 relevant metrics such as average life expectancy, violent crime rate, quality of roads, and Moody's city credit rating.

Read on to see the worst-run cities in the United States.

Note: This data analysis was conducted before the wildfires that ravaged Southern California in early January 2025.

Cincinnati skyline and bridge.
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photo.ua // Shutterstock

#50. Cincinnati, Ohio

- WalletHub rank: #99
- Quality of city services rank: 106
- Financial stability rank: 97
- Education rank: 86
- Health rank: 122
- Safety rank: 87
- Economy rank: 128
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 19

An eight-member council, plus a mayor, vice mayor, and city manager, run Cincinnati. Mayor Aftab Pureval created the Financial Freedom Blueprint, to help improve the lives of the city's Black residents as a counter to structural racism. The effort includes improving education, reducing medical debt, and experimenting with universal basic income.

Aerial view of the city of Fremont, California.
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Matt Gush // Shutterstock

#49. Fremont, California

- WalletHub rank: #100
- Quality of city services rank: 19
- Financial stability rank: 117
- Education rank: 9
- Health rank: 5
- Safety rank: 26
- Economy rank: 35
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 101

Fremont is subject to the same high-cost housing issues that have long plagued California's Bay Area, leading to skyrocketing rates of homelessness. Between 2019 and 2022, the city's unhoused population went up by nearly 70%. Though rates had begun to go down as of September 2024, likely due to the implementation of Fremont's first long-term homelessness response program, Mayor Raj Salwan and the other six city council members who run Fremont still face an uphill battle to address these concerns. After his election in late 2024, Salwan announced plans to revitalize Fremont's languishing downtown and to continue offering direct assistance to homeless individuals.

Church Street Marketplace in Burlington, Vermont.
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#48. Burlington, Vermont

- WalletHub rank: #101
- Quality of city services rank: 71
- Financial stability rank: 96
- Education rank: 128
- Health rank: 3
- Safety rank: 88
- Economy rank: 72
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 27

Vermont's largest city ranks highly for healthcare, but poorly for financial stability. Homelessness and drug use have become increasingly significant problems for Burlington, with more than 300 people living unhoused as of August 2024. Notably, these issues also plague the rest of Vermont as well; the state has the fourth-highest rate of homelessness in the United States. In 2024, Mayor Emma Mulvaney-Stanak took measures to provide basic amenities to homeless encampments and she plans to open the state's first drug overdose prevention center.

Atlanta skyscrapers and cityscape.
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#47. Atlanta, Georgia

- WalletHub rank: #102
- Quality of city services rank: 62
- Financial stability rank: 79
- Education rank: 93
- Health rank: 85
- Safety rank: 119
- Economy rank: 3
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 32

Residents have been worried about the crime rate in Atlanta, which according to the Atlanta Police Department, had risen between 2019 and 2021. However, the violent crime rate in 2023 declined, according to Axios. Though final numbers have not yet been reported, early numbers indicate that the trend continued in 2024.

Dayton skyline.
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Alex Balanov // Shutterstock

#46. Dayton, Ohio

- WalletHub rank: #103
- Quality of city services rank: 118
- Financial stability rank: 64
- Education rank: 97
- Health rank: 114
- Safety rank: 133
- Economy rank: 135
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 30

Dayton, Ohio, was the nation's first big city to adopt the city-manager form of government, in which a hired technocrat manages city operations and answers to an elected and unpaid council and mayor. However, the city scores low for its stagnant economy and intractable health problems.

Dayton's unemployment rate far outpaces the national average, and future job growth is also pegged to lag the national average. Heavily invested in manufacturing, a sector on the decline for decades, the city has struggled to reinvent itself and grow jobs in new, non-manufacturing sectors.

Buildings and palm trees on Center Street Promenade in the downtown area of Anaheim, California.
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#45. Anaheim, California

- WalletHub rank: #104
- Quality of city services rank: 78
- Financial stability rank: 139
- Education rank: 18
- Health rank: 7
- Safety rank: 69
- Economy rank: 94
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 124

It may be home to the happiest place on Earth—Disneyland—but Anaheim itself is a different story. An FBI probe and a subsequent independent investigation revealed significant evidence of corruption in 2022 and 2023, which led former mayor Harry Sidhu to resign and eventually plead guilty to felony obstruction of justice. Mayor Ashleigh Aitken promised in her June 2024 State of the City address that there will be more transparency among elected officials, along with a focus on greater affordable housing availability.

Downtown district of Lubbock, Texas during sunset.
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#44. Lubbock, Texas

- WalletHub rank: #105
- Quality of city services rank: 97
- Financial stability rank: 72
- Education rank: 14
- Health rank: 92
- Safety rank: 121
- Economy rank: 69
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 141

Lubbock, Texas, ranks among the lowest in the U.S. when it comes to two aspects: safety and infrastructure and pollution. In terms of the former, the police department is seeking to become more open to the public to provide a safer environment for its citizens. As for the latter, the local government is concerned about environmental health, including water safety.

Aerial view of Wilmington.
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#43. Wilmington, Delaware

- WalletHub rank: #106
- Quality of city services rank: 99
- Financial stability rank: 73
- Education rank: 73
- Health rank: 102
- Safety rank: 113
- Economy rank: 127
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 7

The mayor and the 12-member City Council of Wilmington, Delaware, focus on promoting the community's "health, safety, and general well-being." In its 2022-2025 strategic plan, the council seeks to improve neighborhood living conditions, reduce pollution, and fight crime.

Charleston skyline on the Kanawha River.
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Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#42. Charleston, West Virginia

- WalletHub rank: #107
- Quality of city services rank: 132
- Financial stability rank: 135
- Education rank: 37
- Health rank: 136
- Safety rank: 117
- Economy rank: 63
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 46

The City Council in Charleston, West Virginia, is made up of 26 members and a mayor. Mayor Amy Shuler Goodwin was elected in November 2018 and is the first woman mayor of this West Virginia city. In 2024, the Charleston Police Department completed a five-year racial bias audit, which outlined 70-plus changes for the department to make. Those efforts begin in 2025.

Birmingham cityscape.
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BJ Ray // Shutterstock

#41. Birmingham, Alabama

- WalletHub rank: #108
- Quality of city services rank: 129
- Financial stability rank: 111
- Education rank: 31
- Health rank: 117
- Safety rank: 144
- Economy rank: 96
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 67

Randall L. Woodfin, the mayor of Birmingham, Alabama, is working to improve economic development, neighborhood revitalization, education and career opportunities, and public safety. His crime-fighting plan includes putting more police officers on the streets, and his customer service program aims to improve relations with the public to boost employee morale and focus on workforce development.

Aerial view of the skyline in Buffalo, New York.
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#40. Buffalo, New York

- WalletHub rank: #109
- Quality of city services rank: 76
- Financial stability rank: 106
- Education rank: 100
- Health rank: 53
- Safety rank: 58
- Economy rank: 140
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 23

Buffalo, New York, a Rust Belt industrial hub, is trying to remake itself as a city focused on technology, manufacturing, and clean energy. The counties of the Buffalo Niagara area saw $22.6 billion of development from 2018 to 2023, including construction at a medical campus, manufacturing and clean energy projects, and new food processing facilities, according to the Commercial Real Estate Development Association.

Aerial view of downtown Bakersfield.
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Jacob Boomsma // Shutterstock

#39. Bakersfield, California

- WalletHub rank: #110
- Quality of city services rank: 125
- Financial stability rank: 115
- Education rank: 78
- Health rank: 110
- Safety rank: 84
- Economy rank: 120
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 147

Bakersfield, California, has some of the most polluted air among U.S. cities, with a ranking for infrastructure and pollution of 147. The city is filled with oil refineries and agricultural land that emit enormous amounts of particulate matter into the air, creating a haze.

Sunset over downtown San Jose.
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Uladzik Kryhin // Shutterstock

#38. San Jose, California

- WalletHub rank: #111
- Quality of city services rank: 23
- Financial stability rank: 47
- Education rank: 36
- Health rank: 2
- Safety rank: 42
- Economy rank: 110
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 126

A 2024 poll conducted by the Bay Area News Group and Joint Venture Silicon Valley found that about 70% of residents believe the region's quality of life has worsened in recent years. In San Jose specifically, 42% of residents rated the quality of life in the city as only fair in 2020, while another 16% called it poor. The city, run by 10 council members, a mayor, and a city manager, is also the most expensive place to rent a home in 2024, according to Clever.

View of the city of Syracuse in upstate New York.
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#37. Syracuse, New York

- WalletHub rank: #112
- Quality of city services rank: 84
- Financial stability rank: 113
- Education rank: 110
- Health rank: 48
- Safety rank: 49
- Economy rank: 144
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 4

Among cities with 100,000 or more residents, Syracuse, New York, has the highest child poverty rate in the country, according to Census data released in 2024. The poverty rate among residents under 18 is 45.6%, which has dropped from 2016, but not as much as in many other large cities.

Aerial view downtown Charlotte.
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Kevin Ruck // Shutterstock

#36. Charlotte, North Carolina

- WalletHub rank: #113
- Quality of city services rank: 26
- Financial stability rank: 13
- Education rank: 47
- Health rank: 43
- Safety rank: 77
- Economy rank: 12
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 115

One main drawback to Charlotte, North Carolina, is the difficulty of getting around without a car in this sprawling city. A 2024 report from Axios found that Charlotte is one of the five most car-dependent cities in the U.S. According to a 2022 survey, 76% of people drive alone, about 10% carpool, just over 3% use public transportation, and 2% bike or walk. The city is working to improve its bus system and to expand its light-rail system. The goal of its Strategic Mobility Plan is to cut the number of people traveling alone in half by 2040, with others using transit choices, carpooling, biking, or walking.

Pittsburgh cityscape over the Allegheny River.
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#35. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

- WalletHub rank: #114
- Quality of city services rank: 40
- Financial stability rank: 124
- Education rank: 16
- Health rank: 54
- Safety rank: 43
- Economy rank: 58
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 8

Pittsburgh and the surrounding area have some of the oldest populations in the country. The city continues to face a challenge in attracting jobs and workers long after the steel industry collapsed, and lost about 8% of the city's population. Today it has fewer people of working age and is struggling with slow job growth.

Kansas City downtown with Union Station.
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Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#34. Kansas City, Missouri

- WalletHub rank: #115
- Quality of city services rank: 127
- Financial stability rank: 116
- Education rank: 59
- Health rank: 104
- Safety rank: 138
- Economy rank: 91
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 105

Kansas City, Missouri, has a total crime rate 167% higher than the national average, but its violent crime rate is even worse at more than three times the national average. Mayor Quinton Lucas has touted the 2023-2024 city budget as helping Kansas City residents clean up, maintain, and improve their homes, as well as upgrading city parks and recreation services.

The city will also host some games for the 2026 FIFA World Cup and is looking to improve its public transit system to accommodate the expected influx of visitors.

Aerial view downtown Modesto.
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Jacob Boomsma // Shutterstock

#33. Modesto, California

- WalletHub rank: #116
- Quality of city services rank: 96
- Financial stability rank: 122
- Education rank: 88
- Health rank: 97
- Safety rank: 46
- Economy rank: 79
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 97

Modesto, California, ranks as one of the least safe cities in the U.S. Its car culture inspired the 1973 movie "American Graffiti," which led to a ban on car cruising that lasted from 1990 to 2023. Today, Modesto is run by six City Council members and a mayor.

Aerial view New Haven.
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#32. New Haven, Connecticut

- WalletHub rank: #117
- Quality of city services rank: 128
- Financial stability rank: 143
- Education rank: 114
- Health rank: 49
- Safety rank: 73
- Economy rank: 139
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 18

New Haven, Connecticut's Mayor Justin Elicker, is in his third term in office and announced he'll be seeking his fourth in 2025, running on a record of improving equity and housing in the city, as well as stabilizing its budget.

Knoxville skyline with Worlds Fair Park.
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#31. Knoxville, Tennessee

- WalletHub rank: #118
- Quality of city services rank: 72
- Financial stability rank: 38
- Education rank: 34
- Health rank: 125
- Safety rank: 118
- Economy rank: 43
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 39

Knoxville, Tennessee, is led by a mayor and a nine-member City Council. The mayor, Indya Kincannon, campaigned for her 2019 election by saying she would promote public safety. However, the city's homicide rate post-pandemic was higher than the national average. In 2022 and 2023, the numbers started to fall, but they are still much higher than the rates Knoxville saw before 2020.

Aerial view downtown Stockton.
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Jacob Boomsma // Shutterstock

#30. Stockton, California

- WalletHub rank: #119
- Quality of city services rank: 137
- Financial stability rank: 141
- Education rank: 96
- Health rank: 96
- Safety rank: 94
- Economy rank: 111
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 146

Stockton, California's government comprises a full-time mayor and six part-time council members. Although the city ranks as one of the lowest for infrastructure and pollution, the Public Works Department manages a Capital Improvement Program that aims to renovate parks, make streets safer for cyclists and pedestrians, and renovate two buildings into a new City Hall.

Downtown skyline in New Orleans, Louisiana.
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Kevin Ruck // Shutterstock

#29. New Orleans, Louisiana

- WalletHub rank: #120
- Quality of city services rank: 140
- Financial stability rank: 128
- Education rank: 148
- Health rank: 118
- Safety rank: 142
- Economy rank: 143
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 16

New Orleans' City Council has seven members and a mayor. The city's labor market and wages lag behind the national average, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The city's inspector general is conducting wide-ranging investigations into possible corruption across the city's government. Its police department is also under scrutiny since the deadly terrorist attack on Bourbon Street on New Year's Eve.

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#28. Fort Lauderdale, Florida

- WalletHub rank: #121
- Quality of city services rank: 53
- Financial stability rank: 41
- Education rank: 57
- Health rank: 33
- Safety rank: 135
- Economy rank: 7
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 54

Fort Lauderdale is run by a five-person commission, with four elected to represent a district of the city, plus a citywide elected mayor, and a city manager. The popular vacation destination has gotten low marks for safety due to its high rates of pedestrian deaths, traffic fatalities, homicides, and theft.

Courthouse and Gateway Arch in St Louis.
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photo.ua // Shutterstock

#27. St. Louis, Missouri

- WalletHub rank: #122
- Quality of city services rank: 145
- Financial stability rank: 134
- Education rank: 147
- Health rank: 147
- Safety rank: 147
- Economy rank: 93
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 20

City government in St. Louis is run by 14 aldermen, a president of the Board of Aldermen, and Mayor Tishaura Jones. She is the first Black woman, and the second woman ever, to serve as the city's top executive officer.

St. Louis ranks as one of the lowest cities in terms of health and safety, in part because of its relatively high crime rate. Jones has sought to spark community involvement and policy changes to address poverty, among other factors that contribute to crime.

Seattle Space Needle and downtown.
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#26. Seattle, Washington

- WalletHub rank: #123
- Quality of city services rank: 17
- Financial stability rank: 20
- Education rank: 10
- Health rank: 11
- Safety rank: 110
- Economy rank: 53
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 22

Seattle fared well on many measures, offering its residents a high level of education, health, and city services, but at a cost: It has a large budget. It also has "a high level of outstanding long-term debt per capita, high crime rates, and low percentages of sheltered homeless persons," WalletHub analyst Jill Gonzalez told The Center Square.

Downtown Nashville in autumn.
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Brian Wilson Photography // Shutterstock

#25. Nashville, Tennessee

- WalletHub rank: #124
- Quality of city services rank: 117
- Financial stability rank: 110
- Education rank: 117
- Health rank: 106
- Safety rank: 127
- Economy rank: 23
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 90

Nashville has one of the highest long-term outstanding debt per capita in the United States, putting this city at a low ranking for financial stability. Since 2023, Freddie O'Connell has served as mayor, focusing his time in office on more affordable housing and transportation options, as well as community safety.

Street view Cheyenne.
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Kit Leong // Shutterstock

#24. Cheyenne, Wyoming

- WalletHub rank: #125
- Quality of city services rank: 77
- Financial stability rank: 15
- Education rank: 121
- Health rank: 95
- Safety rank: 33
- Economy rank: 56
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 83

Cheyenne, Wyoming, is governed by a nine-member council, plus a mayor. In 2023, it rejected a proposal that would have decriminalized marijuana use and is planning to annex land west of the city to allow for residential expansion. The city suffers most in terms of education and, as of November 2024, a quarter of its elementary schools were set to close.

Aerial view of Inner Harbor area.
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f11photo // Shutterstock

#23. Baltimore, Maryland

- WalletHub rank: #126
- Quality of city services rank: 130
- Financial stability rank: 48
- Education rank: 144
- Health rank: 146
- Safety rank: 105
- Economy rank: 124
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 82

Baltimore is governed by a 15-member city council, with 14 members representing each of the municipal districts, and a council president elected citywide. The city has one of the lowest high school graduation rates in the U.S. but also ranks poorly in terms of health, economy, and quality of city services.

Cityscape on the Genesee River and High Falls at twilight in Rochester, New York.
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Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#22. Rochester, New York

- WalletHub rank: #127
- Quality of city services rank: 75
- Financial stability rank: 109
- Education rank: 95
- Health rank: 71
- Safety rank: 71
- Economy rank: 122
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 2

Like its fellow New York city Syracuse, Rochester is among the top 10 big cities with the highest child poverty rates, according to Census data released in 2024. The number of households unable to afford the basics in the Rochester and the Finger Lakes region rose during the pandemic, according to a report from United Way of Greater Rochester and the Finger Lakes and United For ALICE. In all, 37% of households were struggling to afford the basics in 2021, up from 29% in 2019.

Downtown Hartford from above Charter Oak Landing.
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Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#21. Hartford, Connecticut

- WalletHub rank: #128
- Quality of city services rank: 136
- Financial stability rank: 147
- Education rank: 108
- Health rank: 15
- Safety rank: 63
- Economy rank: 146
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 5

Hartford, Connecticut, is governed by a nine-member council, which is tasked with making the city's streets safer for pedestrians and cyclists, improving housing affordability, and boosting the economy. The city faces some challenges, including highways through the city center, downtown office vacancies, and low tax revenue when compared with the demand for city services.

Aerial view of downtown Fresno.
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Jacob Boomsma // Shutterstock

#20. Fresno, California

- WalletHub rank: #129
- Quality of city services rank: 114
- Financial stability rank: 118
- Education rank: 53
- Health rank: 79
- Safety rank: 95
- Economy rank: 118
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 137

Along with the seven-member Fresno City Council, Mayor Jerry Dyer is focused on housing people who need homes, boosting volunteerism, and revitalizing the downtown area. Perhaps unsurprisingly for a city led by its former police chief, Fresno has boosted funding for its fire and police departments in hopes of improving emergency response times.

Downtown cityscape over Temple Square at dusk in Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#19. Salt Lake City, Utah

- WalletHub rank: #130
- Quality of city services rank: 39
- Financial stability rank: 33
- Education rank: 22
- Health rank: 24
- Safety rank: 136
- Economy rank: 31
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 10

Salt Lake City gets high marks for its finances, in particular for its banking industry and low unemployment numbers. But its ranking is hurt by the rate of property crimes, which is above the national average. Although the number of homicides was down in 2024, the number of robberies and burglaries rose.

Kansas City City Limit sign.
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Joseph Sohm // Shutterstock

#18. Kansas City, Kansas

- WalletHub rank: #131
- Quality of city services rank: 138
- Financial stability rank: 142
- Education rank: 145
- Health rank: 105
- Safety rank: 111
- Economy rank: 62
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 70

Kansas City, Kansas, is governed by a 10-member Board of Commissioners plus a mayor. The city has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country and 2023 was the deadliest year on record for Kansas City. However, 2024 saw the homicide rate drop 20% to 144, the lowest since 2019.

A panoramic view of Yonkers in New York across the Hudson River.
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#17. Yonkers, New York

- WalletHub rank: #132
- Quality of city services rank: 31
- Financial stability rank: 133
- Education rank: 45
- Health rank: 8
- Safety rank: 3
- Economy rank: 130
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 47

Yonkers, New York, struggles the most in terms of its financial stability and economic rank. In turn, Mayor Mike Spano has been focusing his efforts on job creation and economic development. The city's seven-member city council adopted Spano's $1.5 billion budget for 2024-2025, which included $298.5 million for the city's schools and a 5.45% tax increase.

Daytime aerial view of historic downtown Riverside, California.
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Matt Gush // Shutterstock

#16. Riverside, California

- WalletHub rank: #133
- Quality of city services rank: 110
- Financial stability rank: 127
- Education rank: 67
- Health rank: 55
- Safety rank: 85
- Economy rank: 37
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 142

Riverside, California, is run by a mayor and seven council members. Mayor Patricia Lock Dawson wants to improve the local economy and restore the Santa Ana River to be more prominent in citizens' lives. The city is also warning its residents to conserve water as the groundwater levels continue to drop in the Riverside and San Bernardino basins, the source of the city's drinking water.

Aerial view of downtown Memphis skyline.
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f11photo // Shutterstock

#15. Memphis, Tennessee

- WalletHub rank: #134
- Quality of city services rank: 142
- Financial stability rank: 67
- Education rank: 126
- Health rank: 132
- Safety rank: 148
- Economy rank: 117
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 130

Memphis, Tennessee, governed by a mayor and a 13-member City Council, has one of the highest violent crime rates in America. The Memphis Police Department plans to increase the number of officers, expand community outreach, and improve emergency services, among other projects.

Long Beach skyline with palm trees from marina port.
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lunamarina // Shutterstock

#14. Long Beach, California

- WalletHub rank: #135
- Quality of city services rank: 74
- Financial stability rank: 130
- Education rank: 23
- Health rank: 14
- Safety rank: 62
- Economy rank: 121
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 119

Long Beach has struggled in terms of economic and financial stability. It's currently grappling with a $20.3 million general fund deficit for the 2025 fiscal year, though it is a slight improvement from the originally projected $28.4 million shortfall. The city is governed by nine council officials and a mayor, currently Rex Richardson, who's been focusing on affordable housing, growing the economy, and public safety since taking office in 2022.

Tower Bridge in downtown Sacramento.
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G3Images // Shutterstock

#13. Sacramento, California

- WalletHub rank: #136
- Quality of city services rank: 100
- Financial stability rank: 119
- Education rank: 64
- Health rank: 47
- Safety rank: 99
- Economy rank: 92
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 102

California's capital city is among several cities in the state with poor ratings in the WalletHub analysis. Homelessness is a particular problem in Sacramento, with its unhoused population growing to 9,300 in 2022. That's an increase of 67% over 2019. The state sent $191 million to the region from 2019 to 2021, with much of it meant for building new homes. There's since been a decline in the homeless population, down about 29% to 6,615 people in 2024.

Cityscape Chicago.
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vichie81 // Shutterstock

#12. Chicago, Illinois

- WalletHub rank: #137
- Quality of city services rank: 131
- Financial stability rank: 148
- Education rank: 61
- Health rank: 68
- Safety rank: 45
- Economy rank: 126
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 33

Chicago ranks among cities with the highest long-term outstanding debt per capita in the country. Although its infrastructure and pollution are well managed, along with its education system, Chicago's economy is doing worse than that of the United States as a whole. Unemployment rates are higher in Illinois' biggest city than the national average, and the job market has been shrinking.

Street view of downtown Philadelphia.
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f11photo // Shutterstock

#11. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

- WalletHub rank: #138
- Quality of city services rank: 124
- Financial stability rank: 123
- Education rank: 141
- Health rank: 121
- Safety rank: 101
- Economy rank: 57
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 58

Cherelle Parker became the first woman to hold the position of mayor in 2024. Thus far, her time in office has come under scrutiny for her tough-on-crime approach, including a proposed $1 million funding cut for Prevention Point, a harm reduction and syringe exchange organization in the city. Since she took over from former mayor Jim Kenney, Philadelphia fell five spots on this list, from the 16th worst in the U.S. to the 11th worst.

Aerial view downtown Los Angeles at sunset.
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TierneyMJ // Shutterstock

#10. Los Angeles, California

- WalletHub rank: #139
- Quality of city services rank: 57
- Financial stability rank: 95
- Education rank: 40
- Health rank: 20
- Safety rank: 74
- Economy rank: 132
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 73

Even before the devastating fires in early 2025, Los Angeles was in the midst of a severe homelessness problem. The city's unhoused population outpaced New York City's in 2022 to become the largest in the nation but has since seen numbers go down.

Despite an 18% jump in homelessness nationwide from 2023 to 2024, Los Angeles' unhoused population decreased for the first time in seven years, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Detroit skyline on clear day.
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Vladimir Mucibabic // Shutterstock

#9. Detroit, Michigan

- WalletHub rank: #140
- Quality of city services rank: 148
- Financial stability rank: 145
- Education rank: 134
- Health rank: 141
- Safety rank: 140
- Economy rank: 145
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 129

The Detroit City Council comprises eight members and one president. The city's unemployment rate reached a historic 33-year low in 2023 but has since been on the rise. Detroit also has a crisis in infant mortality rates, especially among Black families. The city's air quality is also under scrutiny, with the Sierra Club suing the Environmental Protection Agency to force city and state officials to do more to curb air pollution.

Denver cityscape.
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Studio 1One // Shutterstock

#8. Denver, Colorado

- WalletHub rank: #141
- Quality of city services rank: 79
- Financial stability rank: 50
- Education rank: 104
- Health rank: 39
- Safety rank: 132
- Economy rank: 80
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 64

Denver has a mayor and a 13-member City Council, with 11 elected members representing geographic districts and two representing the entire city. Denver has been among the U.S. cities with the highest crime rates. Its homicide rate is up 28% from 2019 to 2024, according to the Council on Criminal Justice.

Street view in downtown Tacoma, Washington.
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Rigucci // Shutterstock

#7. Tacoma, Washington

- WalletHub rank: #142
- Quality of city services rank: 113
- Financial stability rank: 101
- Education rank: 76
- Health rank: 40
- Safety rank: 141
- Economy rank: 87
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 52

Tacoma, Washington, has eight elected city councilors and an elected mayor, as well as an appointed city manager. The West Coast city ranks particularly low in terms of city services and safety. The violent crime rate is almost twice the national average and the homicide rate is nearly 2.5 times the U.S. average.

Cleveland, Ohio, skyline on the Cuyahoga River in autumn.
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Sean Pavone // Shutterstock

#6. Cleveland, Ohio

- WalletHub rank: #143
- Quality of city services rank: 134
- Financial stability rank: 121
- Education rank: 132
- Health rank: 101
- Safety rank: 134
- Economy rank: 129
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 89

Cleveland is governed by a 17-member council and an elected mayor. According to the latest Census data, the city's per-capita income is half the national average, and its poverty rate is nearly three times the national average. Mayor Justin Bibb has feuded with the council over everything from violent crime in the city to the conflict in Gaza, while also trying to improve public access to Lake Erie, on the city's north boundary.

Aerial view of downtown Flint, Michigan, in summer.
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Jacob Boomsma // Shutterstock

#5. Flint, Michigan

- WalletHub rank: #144
- Quality of city services rank: 144
- Financial stability rank: 25
- Education rank: 142
- Health rank: 145
- Safety rank: 128
- Economy rank: 141
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 75

In the wake of 2015 revelations that the city's municipal water supply was contaminated by lead and other pollutants, there has been global attention on structural and environmental racism in Flint, Michigan, which is governed by a nine-member council. A decade later, the water problems have not fully been resolved, and the city's residents are also experiencing a mental health crisis.

Elevated view of New York City skyline.
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Thiago Leite // Shutterstock

#4. New York, New York

- WalletHub rank: #145
- Quality of city services rank: 30
- Financial stability rank: 103
- Education rank: 32
- Health rank: 17
- Safety rank: 25
- Economy rank: 131
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 26

New York City is governed by a mayor and a 51-member City Council, which has received national attention in 2024 and early 2025, thanks to a sprawling corruption indictment brought against Mayor Eric Adams, who continues to govern the U.S.'s biggest city. Adams, a former NYPD officer who took office in 2022, ironically focused much of his time in office on crime, as well as housing.

Boats in Gulfport, Mississippi.
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Thomas Wesley Osborne // Shutterstock

#3. Gulfport, Mississippi

- WalletHub rank: #146
- Quality of city services rank: 116
- Financial stability rank: 131
- Education rank: 75
- Health rank: 98
- Safety rank: 78
- Economy rank: 85
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 117

Gulfport, which is Mississippi's second most populous city, is governed by a mayor and a seven-member City Council, who oversee a chief administrative officer. Mayor Billy Hewes has worked to improve the operations of city government and revitalize recreational opportunities.

North Oakland on a sunny autumn evening.
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Sundry Photography // Shutterstock

#2. Oakland, California

- WalletHub rank: #147
- Quality of city services rank: 103
- Financial stability rank: 61
- Education rank: 82
- Health rank: 4
- Safety rank: 143
- Economy rank: 137
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 98

Oakland, California, has an eight-member City Council that has prioritized violence prevention, public services, and modernizing the city's tax structure. But its downtown, which was struggling to survive before the pandemic, has been slow to recover in its wake.

San Francisco skyline.
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Pete Niesen // Shutterstock

#1. San Francisco, California

- WalletHub rank: #148
- Quality of city services rank: 24
- Financial stability rank: 52
- Education rank: 15
- Health rank: 1
- Safety rank: 107
- Economy rank: 133
- Infrastructure and pollution rank: 12

San Francisco is governed by a mayor and an 11-member Board of Supervisors. In 2022, WalletHub data ranked the city as the second-worst run in the country, and, in 2023, it moved to the dreaded #1 spot, which it maintained in the latest 2024 report. The city provides good health services but has an enormous homelessness problem.

Additional writing by Jaimie Etkin and Cu Fleshman. Story editing by Jeff Inglis. Copy editing by Lois Hince.

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