The best black and white films of all time
The process for creating moving color film was patented by Edward Turner and Frederick Marshall Lee in 1899. Their first test films, rediscovered only recently, debuted between 1901 and 1903 as the world's first color movies.
This ingenious breakthrough hardly signaled the end of the black-and-white film era, however. In fact, Hollywood would release almost exclusively black-and-white movies for decades to come. Even after 1939's "The Wizard of Oz" dazzled audiences with the magic of Technicolor—which had actually been around since 1917—directors, producers, and studio shot-callers continued to opt for the comparatively inexpensive artistic charm of black-and-white film.
Even in the modern era, some filmmakers—like Woody Allen and Steven Spielberg—continue to rely on the simplicity, nostalgia, and anachronistic value of black and white over the computer-generated graphics, 3-D, IMAX, and dazzling special effects that are available today.
If you're a film buff, you may want to brush up on your black-and-white classics. From early groundbreaking silent films to modern masterpieces, here are the best black-and-white movies ever to appear on the big screen, according to data from IMDb. Stacker used the data to determine the top 50 English-language movies that received at least 5,000 votes and ranked them in order from lowest number of votes to highest. In case of a tie, the win went to the film that received more votes.
ALSO: Do you know your movie trivia for the top 100 films of all time?
#50. Touch of Evil
IMDb rating: 8.1
IMDb votes: 86,856
Release year: 1958
Director: Orson Welles
Charlton Heston and Janet Leigh lead the cast in this tale of murder, crime and corruption. Orson Welles also wrote the screenplay for the film, which is based on the novel "Badge of Evil" by Whit Masterson.
#49. 8½
IMDb rating: 8.1
IMDb votes: 94,712
Release year: 1963
Director: Federico Fellini
Marcello Mastroianni and Claudia Cardinale star in this dramatic exploration of a movie director's psychological journey into his own mind. The Italian movie won two Oscars, one for Best Foreign Language Film and one for Best Costume Design, Black and White.
#48. Rebecca
IMDb rating: 8.1
IMDb votes: 104,949
Release year: 1940
Director: Alfred Hitchcock
Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine portray the de Winter couple in this Hitchcock mystery, which tells the tale of a woman who is psychologically tortured by the thoughts of her widower husband's late wife. It won the Oscar for Best Picture, as well as for Best Cinematography, Black and White, while picking up nine other nominations.
#47. Roman Holiday
IMDb rating: 8.1
IMDb votes: 113,062
Release year: 1953
Director: William Wyler
In "Roman Holiday," Audrey Hepburn plays a frustrated princess in Rome who falls in love with an American journalist (played by Gregory Peck) after escaping the boring confines of her royal obligations. Hepburn's Oscar for Best Actress was among the three Academy Awards the movie won.
#46. The Maltese Falcon
IMDb rating: 8.1
IMDb votes: 133,984
Release year: 1941
Director: John Huston
One of history's most celebrated film noir mysteries, "The Maltese Falcon" stars Mary Astor, Gladys George, and Humphrey Bogart in a tale that involves a private eye, a gang of crooks, and a gorgeous manipulator on the hunt for a valuable statue. It was nominated for three Oscars, including Best Picture.
#45. The Little Foxes
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 8,683
Release year: 1941
Director: William Wyler
This dramatic romance is a tale of betrayal, wealth, and poison in the Deep South. The film, which was nominated for nine Oscars, is one of the most celebrated films of Bette Davis' career.
#44. Trouble in Paradise
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 11,031
Release year: 1932
Director: Ernst Lubitsch
Jealousy and romance complicate matters in this film, which follows a pair of thieves who join forces to con a rich business executive. Miriam Hopkins, Kay Francis, and Herbert Marshall lead the cast.
#43. The Heiress
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 11,177
Release year: 1949
Director: William Wyler
Ralph Richardson, Montgomery Clift, and Olivia de Havilland lead the cast of "The Heiress," which chronicles the life of a sheltered woman who falls for a man her overbearing father believes is only in it for her money. Among the four Academy Awards it picked up was an Oscar for Best Actress, taken home by de Havilland.
#42. A Face in the Crowd
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 11,306
Release year: 1957
Director: Elia Kazan
When a vagrant becomes a celebrity, he overplays his hand and runs the risk of being exposed as a charlatan in "A Face in the Crowd." Budd Schulberg wrote both the story and the screenplay for this film, which stars Andy Griffith, Patricia Neal, and Anthony Franciosa.
#41. Safety Last!
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 15,189
Release year: 1923
Directors: Fred C. Newmeyer, Sam Taylor
This comedy, starring Harold Lloyd, Mildred Davis, and Bill Strother, tells the story of a store owner who tries to drum up business with a outrageous stunt. It was filmed at the Atlantic Hotel on Broadway in Los Angeles.
#40. Viridiana
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 18,659
Release year: 1961
Director: Luis Buñuel
In "Viridiana," tragedy ensues when a young nun makes a detour to see a relative before taking her final vows. The film, which stars Silvia Pinal and Francisco Ranal, was selected in 1996 by critics and reviewers as the best Spanish film in history.
#39. To Be or Not to Be
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 21,953
Release year: 1942
Director: Ernst Lubitsch
This movie, which was remade by Mel Brooks more than 40 years later, stars Carole Lombard, Jack Benny, and a young Robert Stack. The Oscar-winning film portrays a Polish acting troupe during World War II tasked with tracking down a German spy during the country's Nazi occupation.
#38. Ace in the Hole
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 22,757
Release year: 1951
Director: Billy Wilder
Kirk Douglas, Robert Arthur, and Jan Sterling star in this Oscar-nominated film noir drama about a frustrated journalist who gets more than he bargained for when he seeks some excitement in his career. An uncredited actor, however, is a boy named Iron Eyes Cody. The Native American would grow up to star as the "crying Indian" in the famous "Keep America Beautiful" public service ad years later.
#37. Sweet Smell of Success
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 22,957
Release year: 1957
Director: Alexander Mackendrick
Burt Lancaster and Tony Curtis star in this film about a powerful and ethically challenged Broadway journalist who uses his clout to interrupt a romance. The part played by Martin Milner was supposed to go to Robert Vaughn, but he was drafted into the Army before filming started.
#36. White Heat
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 23,308
Release year: 1949
Director: Raoul Walsh
This Oscar-nominated James Cagney classic portrays a mother-obsessed crook who breaks out of prison before embarking on one last caper. Olympic legend Jim Thorpe makes a cameo as a con in the telephone game scene.
#35. Inherit the Wind
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 23,342
Release year: 1960
Director: Stanley Kramer
This film was based on the real-life Scopes "monkey trial," during which a teacher was arrested and tried for teaching the theory of evolution—a crime in Tennessee at the time. Legal giants Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan famously squared off in the courtroom. In the movie, which was nominated for four Oscars, Gene Kelly, Spencer Tracy, and Fredric March lead the cast.
#34. Sherlock Jr.
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 28,195
Release year: 1924
Director: Buster Keaton
Buster Keaton not only directed "Sherlock Jr.," but he played the lead role as well. The movie portrays a humble projectionist with big-time dreams of being a real-life detective. That ambition is put to the test when he's framed by a romantic rival.
#33. Tokyo Story
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 39,485
Release year: 1953
Director: Yasujirô Ozu
"Tokyo Story" is a remarkable journey into Japanese culture and generational conflicts as they were in the early 1950s. The film stars Chishu Ryu and Yasujiro Ozu.
#32. Sunrise
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 40,134
Release year: 1927
Director: F.W. Murnau
"Sunrise" tells the age-old tale of a man waging an internal battle between right and wrong—one in the form of his wife, the other takes the shape of a woman he desires. George O'Brien, Janet Gaynor, and Margaret Livingston star in this romantic drama, which won three Oscars.
#31. Judgment at Nuremberg
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 57,341
Release year: 1961
Director: Stanley Kramer
This movie chronicles the trial of Nazis for their war crimes in American-occupied Germany. The film, starring Spencer Tracy, Judy Garland, Maximilian Schell, and Burt Lancaster, won two Oscars and was nominated for an impressive nine others.
#30. The General
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 67,040
Release year: 1926
Directors: Clyde Bruckman, Buster Keaton
Like so many of his other movies, Buster Keaton directed, wrote, and starred in this classic. The plot twists and turns as a train conductor trudges through dangerous territory to reclaim his stolen locomotive.
#29. The Gold Rush
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 83,664
Release year: 1925
Director: Charles Chaplin
Mack Swain and Tom Murray star in "The Gold Rush" alongside Charlie Chaplin, who also wrote and directed this tale of prospectors who head to the Klondike in search of gold. It won Oscars both for Best Sound Recording and Best Music.
#28. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 92,961
Release year: 1939
Director: Frank Capra
James Stewart and Jean Arthur star in this tale of an unlikely hero who winds up in the United States Senate and relentlessly battles political corruption. It won an Oscar for Best Writing and was nominated for an impressive 10 others.
#27. On the Waterfront
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 121,527
Release year: 1954
Director: Elia Kazan
"On the Waterfront" was part of a wildly successful three-year run in Marlon Brando's early career, which also included "A Streetcar Named Desire," "The Wild Ones," and "Julius Caesar." The movie, which portrays a former fighter who is disgusted with union corruption in his new job as a longshoreman, won eight Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Director.
#26. The Third Man
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 135,597
Release year: 1949
Director: Carol Reed
Orson Welles, Alida Valli, and Joseph Cotten star in this classic film noir thriller. The plot follows a writer who chases a story to post-war Vienna, where he winds up investigating the death of a former friend.
#25. The Elephant Man
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 190,186
Release year: 1980
Director: David Lynch
One of the greatest examples of black-and-white film utilized in the modern era, "The Elephant Man" stars Anthony Hopkins as a well-intentioned surgeon who rescues a deformed man from a tortured life as a side-show exhibit. The film was nominated for eight Oscars.
#24. Raging Bull
IMDb rating: 8.2
IMDb votes: 272,657
Release year: 1980
Director: Martin Scorsese
Another example of black-and-white film successfully adapted in the modern era is "Raging Bull," which is widely considered to be a masterpiece in the careers of both Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro. The movie chronicles the life of Jake LaMotta, a real-life boxer whose viciousness earned him stardom in the ring and infamy in his private life.
#23. The Wind
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 5,289
Release year: 1928
Director: Victor Sjöström
Culture clash, family drama, and mental illness collide in this sweeping drama. Lillian Gish, Lars Hanson, and Montagu Love combined to lead the cast in this epic—enduring notoriously brutal filming conditions in the Mojave Desert to get it done.
#22. Make Way for Tomorrow
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 5,939
Release year: 1937
Director: Leo McCarey
This sad tale profiles an elderly couple who learn the true meaning of hardship when none of their adult children will take them both in, forcing them to split up after a lifetime together. The cast is headed by Victor Moore and Beulah Bondi.
#21. The Cameraman
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 8,737
Release year: 1928
Directors: Edward Sedgwick, Buster Keaton
Buster Keaton once again spends time on both sides of the camera in "The Cameraman." His character takes a crack at a life in Hollywood to impress his love interest while making a name for himself with the bigwigs at MGM Studios.
#20. The Kid
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 88,418
Release year: 1921
Director: Charles Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed, and starred in this movie, which portrays a kindhearted, down-and-out tramp who takes in an abandoned baby who turns out to be the child of a celebrity. It's one of IMDb's 100 top-rated films of all time.
#19. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 96,002
Release year: 1948
Director: John Huston
Humphrey Bogart, Walter Huston, and Tim Holt star in this Western classic about prospectors on a dangerous journey to find gold. It won all three Oscars for which it was nominated.
#18. All About Eve
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 100,973
Release year: 1950
Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
"All About Eve" follows a girl who infiltrates the exclusive world of her Broadway star idol. It’s one of history's most celebrated movies—as well as the crown jewel in Bette Davis' career—winning six Oscars and nominated for eight more.
#17. Double Indemnity
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 119,129
Release year: 1944
Director: Billy Wilder
An everyday insurance man allows himself to be manipulated into participating in a scheme that turns out to be more than he can handle in "Double Indemnity." The movie, which stars Fred MacMurray, was nominated for seven Oscars.
#16. The Apartment
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 133,629
Release year: 1960
Director: Billy Wilder
Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine had enough chemistry in "The Apartment" to net the movie five Oscar wins. The plot follows the exploits of a man who stirs up trouble by loaning his apartment to his company's executives for illicit romps.
#15. Some Like It Hot
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 207,312
Release year: 1959
Director: Billy Wilder
This Marilyn Monroe classic features Jack Lemmon and Tony Curtis in a fast-moving tale about musicians who pose as women in an all-female troupe to hide from gangsters who want them dead. The movie won an Oscar for Costume Design.
#14. To Kill a Mockingbird
IMDb rating: 8.3
IMDb votes: 256,609
Release year: 1962
Director: Robert Mulligan
This movie is widely considered one of history's greatest films, based on a book of the same name that’s often mentioned among history's greatest novels. The Gregory Peck classic portrays a lawyer trying to free an unjustly accused black man in the Jim Crow South. It won three Academy Awards.
#13. Witness for the Prosecution
IMDb rating: 8.4
IMDb votes: 83,780
Release year: 1957
Director: Billy Wilder
Marlene Dietrich was at her best in "Witness for the Prosecution," which picked up six Oscar nominations. The movie follows a shocking murder trial and the efforts of the British lawyer tasked with defending the accused.
#12. Paths of Glory
IMDb rating: 8.4
IMDb votes: 145,741
Release year: 1957
Director: Stanley Kubrick
Ralph Meeker and Kirk Douglas team up in this World War I tale of righteous men accused of cowardice after refusing to lead an assault on an enemy position. Stanley Kubrick directed "Paths of Glory" and wrote the screenplay.
#11. Citizen Kane
IMDb rating: 8.4
IMDb votes: 345,408
Release year: 1941
Director: Orson Welles
This Orson Welles masterpiece earned not only unrivaled critical praise, but the wrath of the powerful and vindictive William Randolph Hearst—on whom the film was loosely based. "Citizen Kane" is often listed as the greatest movie ever made.
#10. Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
IMDb rating: 8.4
IMDb votes: 395,229
Release year: 1964
Director: Stanley Kubrick
Sterling Hayden, Peter Sellers, and George C. Scott star in this startling classic about the realities of nuclear annihilation. It was nominated for four Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor.
#9. Sunset Boulevard
IMDb rating: 8.5
IMDb votes: 168,094
Release year: 1950
Director: Billy Wilder
"Sunset Boulevard" features William Holden and Gloria Swanson in a tale about a man who becomes embroiled in a toxic relationship when he's hired to polish up a script for a former star losing her luster. It won three of the 11 Academy Awards for which it was nominated.
#8. The Great Dictator
IMDb rating: 8.5
IMDb votes: 168,197
Release year: 1940
Director: Charles Chaplin
"The Great Dictator" comedically parodies Adolf Hitler, a move Charlie Chaplin began to regret as details started to emerge about the true horror of the Nazi conquest of Europe. Chaplin wrote, directed, and starred in the film, which was nominated for five Oscars.
#7. Modern Times
IMDb rating: 8.5
IMDb votes: 176,259
Release year: 1936
Director: Charles Chaplin
Ranked by IMDb as one of the 40 top films of any genre, this Charlie Chaplin masterpiece follows a man trying to adjust to modern life in the industrialized world. Here, too, Chaplin is credited as writer, director, and star.
#6. Casablanca
IMDb rating: 8.5
IMDb votes: 450,048
Release year: 1942
Director: Michael Curtiz
Starring Ingrid Bergman and Humphrey Bogart, "Casablanca" is one of the most celebrated films in Hollywood history. The plot involves a jaded club owner who protects his former love and her husband from marauding Nazis. It won three Oscars.
#5. Psycho
IMDb rating: 8.5
IMDb votes: 500,720
Release year: 1960
Director: Alfred Hitchcock
Anthony Perkins and Janet Leigh star in Alfred Hitchcock's seminal work of horror. The groundbreaking film—in which a woman on the run lands at the (now) infamous Bates Motel—broke industry rules, terrified audiences, and defined the genre.
#4. City Lights
IMDb rating: 8.6
IMDb votes: 135,322
Release year: 1931
Director: Charles Chaplin
Yet another Charlie Chaplin film finds its way high onto the list, and once again, Chaplin not only directed the movie, but wrote it and starred in it. This time, he plays a tramp who leverages his connections with a wealthy man to come to the financial rescue of a blind woman who he loves.
#3. It's a Wonderful Life
IMDb rating: 8.6
IMDb votes: 331,159
Release year: 1946
Director: Frank Capra
James Stewart and Donna Reed star in this inspiring tale, which has become a standard holiday staple. The story focuses on a man who is fed up with life until he meets an angel who reveals what the world would be like without him. It was nominated for five Academy Awards.
#2. 12 Angry Men
IMDb rating: 8.9
IMDb votes: 548,495
Release year: 1957
Director: Sidney Lumet
Nominated for three Oscars, "12 Angry Men" examines the American criminal justice system through a high-pressure case and a stressed-out jury who holds the life of a potentially innocent young man in their hands. The cast of the classic movie is led by Henry Fonda.
#1. Schindler's List
IMDb rating: 8.9
IMDb votes: 1,015,134
Release year: 1993
Director: Steven Spielberg
In the Steven Spielberg masterpiece "Schindler's List," Liam Neeson portrays a real-life hero of the Holocaust: a well-connected industrialist and member of the Nazi party who switches allegiances and uses his factory as a safe haven for Jews in occupied Poland. It won seven Oscars and was nominated for six more.