A brief history of television, by decade

Television as we know it began to take shape in the 1920s. Vladimir K. Zworykin was born in Russia and became a pioneer of television technology with the development of a kinescope, which recorded images on motion picture film. In 1926, John Logie Baird gave a public demonstration of a television system in London; two years later, the first television stations launched.

The opening of the 1939 World’s Fair in New York introduced television to a national audience, thanks to RCA and a speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. NBC soon began nightly broadcasts. Founded in 1931, DuMont Laboratories quickly became a revolutionary force in the days of early television, both in programming and technology.

As black-and-white TVs became more common in American households, the finishing touches on what we would come to know as color TV were refined in the late 1940s. Pro sports were first broadcast on American stations and ABC formed this decade. In 1947, “Meet the Press” debuted and eventually became TV’s longest-running show.

The concept of morning television was revolutionized with the debut of NBC’s “Today” Show in 1952. In a precursor to “must-see TV,” more than half of the television-watching public tuned in to “I Love Lucy” as Lucy went into labor. Elvis Presley made his first TV appearances in the middle of the decade, and soon became proof that television presence could create a worldwide star.

Political discourse and global ambitions were elevated to a new level this decade. The 1960s began with Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy going against each other in a split-screen televised debate, and three years later, breaking news coverage forever changed with Kennedy's assassination in Dallas. Earlier in 1963, televised coverage of Dr. Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech helped the civil rights leader's message resonate with millions around the world; the decade ended with audiences similarly expanding their beliefs of what is possible by watching man walk on the moon.

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HBO became available on TV sets in 1972, changing the pay cable format with exclusive movies, groundbreaking original programming, and live sports like boxing. Long a staple of TV advertising, cigarettes were banned from commercials beginning in 1970. Also that year, the Public Broadcasting Service, or PBS, began operations and created a market for nonprofit educational programming.

In 1980, during a broadcast of “Monday Night Football,” Howard Cosell memorably told audiences of the murder of John Lennon, in a rare crossover of national news during a professional sports broadcast (later examples include the O.J. Simpson chase during the NBA Finals, and news of the death of Osama bin Laden reported during a nationally televised game between the Philadelphia Phillies and New York Mets). In 1981, MTV launched and played its first music video, the aptly titled “Video Killed the Radio Star” by The Buggles, and changed the entertainment industry. Combo TVs, featuring a TV and VCR, gained popularity.

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NBC’s “Must See TV” block of shows created the zenith of sitcom television, spinning out a slew of hits like “Seinfeld,” “Friends,” and “Frasier.” Less successful was the launch of the Olympics “Triplecast” project, which offered round-the-clock, pay-per-view coverage of the 1992 Summer Games in Barcelona; although the endeavor flopped, future Olympic Games would feature almost 24-hour coverage across several networks. TiVo and DVR technology was rolled out at the end of the century, soon making VCRs almost obsolete.

Reality TV became all the craze in the 2000s, with shows like “Survivor,” “American Idol,” and “The Amazing Race” drawing some of the biggest rating numbers in history. In 2007, Netflix offered a streaming option for its library of TV shows and movies, and two years later, “NFL RedZone” reshaped pro sports viewing in the U.S., allowing football fans to watch important plays from every NFL game, even those out of market. Flatscreen televisions begin to all but replace the presence of bigger, cube-shaped cathode-ray tube TVs.

Over-the-top streaming became even more popular, with HBO, NBC, and even the WWE creating their own monthly subscription services. Smart TVs become more prevalent in American households, allowing viewers to stream music, skim through YouTube, and watch their favorite shows all on one device. Chromecast was another mind-bending technological advancement; as for the actual shows, the era of prestige television ushered in what many consider some of the best series ever.