What New York's immigrant population looked like in 1900
Since the first successful English colony settled in Jamestown in 1607, flows of immigrants have arrived on American shores seeking a new life. From Irish immigrants fleeing famine to Chinese immigrants settling in California during the Gold Rush, more than 86 million people legally immigrated to the United States between 1783 and 2019.
There have been four major waves of immigration to the U.S., beginning with settlers from northern and western Europe seeking land on the frontier from 1820 to 1880. The immigrants counted in the 1900 Census hailed primarily from southern and eastern Europe, drawn by the call of industrialization in America. At the advent of the era of world wars, there was a dearth of immigration, but after 1965, individuals from Asia and Latin America began to move to the U.S. in droves.
Though the national immigrant population today and in 1900 is comparable by percentage, hovering around 14% of the overall U.S. population, the raw population tells a different story. Today, the U.S. is home to 44.7 million immigrants, whereas that number was just shy of 10.5 million at the time of the 1900 Census. Stacker compiled a list of the largest sources of immigrants in New York in 1900 by transcribing a previously untranscribed dataset from the U.S. Census Bureau. Countries are ranked by total residents who were born in that country.
Immigration to the U.S. was handled at the state level prior to 1890, with each state government designating its own processes and checkpoints. New York originally used Castle Garden (now Castle Clinton) as its immigration processing hub, but within a few decades realized that a massive influx of immigrants necessitated a larger venue. Ellis Island opened on Jan. 1, 1892, to the first of more than 12 million individuals who entered the U.S. through its doors.
Keep reading to find out more about the historical immigrant community in your home state or explore the data on your own on our site, GitHub, or data.world.
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#1. Germany
New York
- Number of residents: 480,020
- Percent of foreign born residents: 25.26%
- Percent of total state population: 6.60%
National
- Number of residents: 2,669,164
- Percent of foreign born residents: 25.52%
- #1 most common country of origin
#2. Ireland
New York
- Number of residents: 425,553
- Percent of foreign born residents: 22.39%
- Percent of total state population: 5.85%
National
- Number of residents: 1,619,409
- Percent of foreign born residents: 15.48%
- #2 most common country of origin
#3. Italy
New York
- Number of residents: 182,248
- Percent of foreign born residents: 9.59%
- Percent of total state population: 2.51%
National
- Number of residents: 484,703
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.63%
- #6 most common country of origin
#4. Russia
New York
- Number of residents: 165,610
- Percent of foreign born residents: 8.71%
- Percent of total state population: 2.28%
National
- Number of residents: 424,372
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.06%
- #7 most common country of origin
#5. England
New York
- Number of residents: 135,685
- Percent of foreign born residents: 7.14%
- Percent of total state population: 1.87%
National
- Number of residents: 843,491
- Percent of foreign born residents: 8.06%
- #4 most common country of origin
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#6. Canada
New York
- Number of residents: 117,535
- Percent of foreign born residents: 6.18%
- Percent of total state population: 1.62%
National
- Number of residents: 1,183,225
- Percent of foreign born residents: 11.31%
- #3 most common country of origin
#7. Austria
New York
- Number of residents: 78,491
- Percent of foreign born residents: 4.13%
- Percent of total state population: 1.08%
National
- Number of residents: 276,702
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.65%
- #10 most common country of origin
#8. Poland
New York
- Number of residents: 68,732
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.62%
- Percent of total state population: 0.95%
National
- Number of residents: 383,595
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.67%
- #8 most common country of origin
#9. Sweden
New York
- Number of residents: 42,708
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.25%
- Percent of total state population: 0.59%
National
- Number of residents: 574,625
- Percent of foreign born residents: 5.49%
- #5 most common country of origin
#10. Hungary
New York
- Number of residents: 37,168
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.96%
- Percent of total state population: 0.51%
National
- Number of residents: 145,815
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.39%
- #14 most common country of origin
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#11. Scotland
New York
- Number of residents: 33,862
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.78%
- Percent of total state population: 0.47%
National
- Number of residents: 234,699
- Percent of foreign born residents: 2.24%
- #11 most common country of origin
#12. France
New York
- Number of residents: 20,008
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.05%
- Percent of total state population: 0.28%
National
- Number of residents: 104,534
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #18 most common country of origin
#13. Bohemia
New York
- Number of residents: 16,347
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.86%
- Percent of total state population: 0.22%
National
- Number of residents: 156,999
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.50%
- #12 most common country of origin
#14. Switzerland
New York
- Number of residents: 13,678
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.72%
- Percent of total state population: 0.19%
National
- Number of residents: 115,959
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.11%
- #15 most common country of origin
#15. Norway
New York
- Number of residents: 12,601
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.66%
- Percent of total state population: 0.17%
National
- Number of residents: 338,426
- Percent of foreign born residents: 3.24%
- #9 most common country of origin
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#16. Roumania
New York
- Number of residents: 10,549
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.56%
- Percent of total state population: 0.15%
National
- Number of residents: 15,043
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #25 most common country of origin
#17. Holland
New York
- Number of residents: 9,414
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.50%
- Percent of total state population: 0.13%
National
- Number of residents: 105,098
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.00%
- #17 most common country of origin
#18. Denmark
New York
- Number of residents: 8,746
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.46%
- Percent of total state population: 0.12%
National
- Number of residents: 154,616
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.48%
- #13 most common country of origin
#19. Wales
New York
- Number of residents: 7,304
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.38%
- Percent of total state population: 0.10%
National
- Number of residents: 93,744
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.90%
- #20 most common country of origin
#20. China
New York
- Number of residents: 6,880
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.36%
- Percent of total state population: 0.09%
National
- Number of residents: 106,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 1.02%
- #16 most common country of origin
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#21. West Indies (except Cuba and Puerto Rico)
New York
- Number of residents: 4,241
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.22%
- Percent of total state population: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 14,468
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.14%
- #26 most common country of origin
#22. Finland
New York
- Number of residents: 4,048
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.21%
- Percent of total state population: 0.06%
National
- Number of residents: 63,440
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.61%
- #22 most common country of origin
#23. Cuba
New York
- Number of residents: 2,195
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.12%
- Percent of total state population: 0.03%
National
- Number of residents: 11,159
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #28 most common country of origin
#24. Turkey
New York
- Number of residents: 1,915
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- Percent of total state population: 0.03%
National
- Number of residents: 9,949
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #30 most common country of origin
#25. Belgium
New York
- Number of residents: 1,787
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
- Percent of total state population: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 29,848
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.29%
- #24 most common country of origin
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#26. Asia (except China, Japan, and India)
New York
- Number of residents: 1,744
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.09%
- Percent of total state population: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 11,928
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.11%
- #27 most common country of origin
#27. Spain
New York
- Number of residents: 1,614
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- Percent of total state population: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 7,284
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #33 most common country of origin
#28. Greece
New York
- Number of residents: 1,573
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- Percent of total state population: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 8,655
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #31 most common country of origin
#29. South America
New York
- Number of residents: 1,130
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.06%
- Percent of total state population: 0.02%
National
- Number of residents: 4,814
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
- #35 most common country of origin
#30. Central America
New York
- Number of residents: 1,016
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
- Percent of total state population: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 3,911
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
- #36 most common country of origin
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#31. Born at Sea
New York
- Number of residents: 1,001
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.05%
- Percent of total state population: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 8,310
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.08%
- #32 most common country of origin
#32. Australia
New York
- Number of residents: 706
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.04%
- Percent of total state population: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 7,041
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.07%
- #34 most common country of origin
#33. Africa
New York
- Number of residents: 473
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 2,577
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #40 most common country of origin
#34. Atlantic Islands
New York
- Number of residents: 461
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 10,955
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.10%
- #29 most common country of origin
#35. India
New York
- Number of residents: 408
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.01%
National
- Number of residents: 2,069
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #42 most common country of origin
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#36. Portugal
New York
- Number of residents: 362
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 37,144
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.36%
- #23 most common country of origin
#37. Mexico
New York
- Number of residents: 353
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 103,445
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.99%
- #19 most common country of origin
#38. Other Countries
New York
- Number of residents: 339
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 2,587
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #39 most common country of origin
#39. Japan
New York
- Number of residents: 302
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 81,590
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.78%
- #21 most common country of origin
#40. Europe (not otherwise specified)
New York
- Number of residents: 286
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 2,272
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.02%
- #41 most common country of origin
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#41. Pacific Islands (except Phillipine Islands)
New York
- Number of residents: 118
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.01%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 2,659
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
- #38 most common country of origin
#42. Luxemburg
New York
- Number of residents: 75
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.00%
- Percent of total state population: 0.00%
National
- Number of residents: 3,049
- Percent of foreign born residents: 0.03%
- #37 most common country of origin
