Top holiday toys from the year you were born

Original estimated retail price: $1 to $10

Conceived in 1911 by A.C. Gilbert during a train ride from Connecticut to New York City, Erector set was the first toy ever to use a national ad campaign. It was also the only construction toy of its time to utilize a motor on special units, contributing to its allure. The earliest incarnations focused on skyscrapers, but Erector set was redesigned in 1924 to incorporate everything from trains to Ferris wheels. Meanwhile, the name was so catchy that it's now commonly used as a generic term for home construction sets.

Original estimated retail price: 79 cents

The original idea for the teddy bear was inspired by former President Teddy Roosevelt himself. It began when a political cartoonist depicted Roosevelt refusing to shoot a black bear that had been tied to a tree by his expedition team. Upon seeing the cartoon in The Washington Post, a candy shop owner named Morris Michtom—who also made stuffed animals with his wife, Rose—got the idea to create a stuffed bear and name it after the famous incident. With Roosevelt's permission, Michtom put two "Teddy's Bears" (as they were originally called) in his shop window, and the rest is history.

Original estimated retail price: 5 cents

The word "Crayola" represents a combination of the French words for "chalk" and "oily," which makes perfect sense given that crayons are small waxy sticks invented to supplement low-quality chalk. Upon its debut in 1903, a box of crayons comprised only eight colors, but by the time Binney & Smith purchased the brand in 1926, that number rose to 22.

Original estimated retail price: $2.99

Italian inventor Antonio Pasin had no idea his wooden wagons would be so popular among American kids. He took cues from the auto industry to keep up with demand and in 1927 began using stamped steel to mass-produce the wagons. In the process, he renamed the wagon Radio Flyer, honoring his fixation with flight and radio.

Original estimated retail price: 5 cents

With origins going all the way back to nearly 500 B.C., yo-yos became ubiquitous in America after a Filipino immigrant named Pedro Flores partnered with the toy manufacturer D.F. Duncan Sr. to mass-produce them to the tune of 300,000 units a day. Fueled by publicity from the likes of William Randolph Hearst himself, kids engaged in yo-yo contests across the country, making the "wonder toy" a sensation.

Original estimated retail price: not available

Believe it or not, the first pop-up book dates back to a 14th-century Catalan mystic who employed a series of moving discs to visually demonstrate his philosophical treatises. Today's pop-up books are more directly tied to 1929's "Daily Express Children's Annual No. 1," published by Louis Giraud and Theodore Brown. Known at the time as a "movable," Giraud and Brown's book introduced a handy flap that, when pulled, prompted cardboard models to spring up.

Original estimated retail price: not available

In 1928, Disney unveiled a short animated film called "Steamboat Willie," and audiences everywhere fell in love with a mouse named Mickey. To capitalize on Mickey's meteoric popularity, Disney commissioned a woman named Charlotte Clark to create the first stuffed Mickey doll in 1930. Disney couldn't keep up with demand, and moms at home began sewing their own dolls as an alternative.

Original estimated retail price: not available

American educator Ruth Faison Shaw was visiting Italy when she created finger paint. Her motivation was not just to teach kids about art or provide them with a fun activity, but to help them mentally as well. In fact, Shaw believed that embracing messiness through fingerpainting offered genuine therapeutic value for children.

Original estimated retail price: 10 cents

In 1932, the Nelson Knitting Company added a patented Rockford red heel to their popular line of socks to distinguish their product from imitators. Inspired by the new detail (and short on cash during the Depression), crafty mothers at home began converting worn-out Rockford socks into monkey puppets for their kids to play with. Once Nelson Knitting Company got word, they obliged by including a monkey pattern with every subsequent pair of socks.

Original estimated retail price: 25 cents

Like so many other businesses, toy companies were hit hard during the Depression years. However, Louis Marx & Company thrived. Bolstered by the belief that behind every successful toy were six core qualities—familiarity, surprise, skill, play, value comprehensibility, and sturdiness—Marx stayed ahead of the curve by anticipating trends and keeping manufacturing costs down. The company's wind-up toys were particularly popular in the 1930s and beyond.

Original estimated retail price: 50 cents

Straight out of an Amazing Stories comic book, the Buck Rogers Disintegrator Pistol was the first toy ray gun ever made. Touted as the 25th-century weapon of choice for Rogers himself, the gun made an unmistakable zapping sound when you pulled the trigger.

Original estimated retail price: not available

With a film career that began at four years old, Shirley Temple was a worldwide sensation by the mid-1930s. Along with her success came many merchandising opportunities, including dolls, dishes, and apparel. While Temple retired from film in 1950 at 22, the dolls remained wildly popular for decades.

Original estimated retail price: 10 cents to $1

Kids were going absolutely crazy over aeronautical toys in the wake of Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic, and Balsa model fighter planes duly heeded the call. Made by Paul K. Guillow, who operated out of his family barn until the early 1930s, these model planes were easy to assemble and made out of cheap bamboo wood, making them an affordable gift for kids during the Depression era.

Original estimated retail price: $2

The world's most famous board game has a history as opaque as the term monopoly implies. Many would point to Charles Darrow as the game's inventor, but that isn't the full story. In 1973, while researching the game Monopoly, economist Ralph Anspach found that it was Elizabeth ­Magie who invented the game in 1903 and patented it in 1904. With the hope of teaching anti-monopolist economic theories, Magie called it the Landlord's Game.

As the game became popular with Quakers in Atlantic City, Darrow received a copy of Magie's game. He revised it to focus more on the monopolist aspects of Magie's original game, and then sold it to Parker Brothers, giving rise to the now prevalent myth of the game's origins.

Original estimated retail price: Not available

As a toy company that had already mastered the home kit experience, A.C. Gilbert started selling its microscope set for kids in the 1930s. Each surprisingly functional microscope offered three levels of magnification, while the set itself came with bees and flies for kids to inspect up close.

Original estimated retail price: $2

During a trip to the Oregon Caves in 1938, Harold Graves, president of Sawyer's Photographic Services, saw a man named William Gruber strapping two cameras together in hopes of one day making 3D colored slides. The two men struck a deal and View-Master was the result, going to market in 1939. When America entered World War II a few years later, the U.S. government purchased millions of special View-Master reels and used them to train servicemen on how to spot planes and boats within shooting range.

Original estimated retail price: $5

Perhaps the most famous BB gun of all time, the Red Ryder BB Gun was modeled after Winchester rifles and named for a beloved fictional comic book hero. Naturally, most folks know it today as the toy the young narrator of "A Christmas Story" pines after, only to be told repeatedly that he'll shoot his eye out.

Original estimated retail price: 5 cents

The perfect accessory for any water-based activity, the inflatable beach ball was supposedly invented by a California man named Jonathon DeLonge. While most current-day beach balls are fairly big, the original could supposedly fit in the palm of one's hand.

Original estimated retail price: 25 cents

Little Golden Books was launched in 1942 as a series of children's books that were low in cost but big on story. The series offered the perfect escape from dreary World War II-era reality. For the initial run, Simon & Schuster released only 12 titles that sold more than 1 million copies within the first five months. Suffice it to say, the series only expanded from there.

Original estimated retail price: 5 cents

Starting in the late 1930s, Bergen Toy and Novelty Co. began selling plastic toy army men to a nation of energetic young boys. Molded in various wartime poses, the pint-sized soldiers had pods at their feet to keep them upright. The toys were supremely popular at the height of World War II, and to this day it's the WWII-era models that remain most synonymous with the tiny plastic soldier concept.

Original estimated retail price: 10 cents

Nowadays, we might be wary of a company named Chemtoy. But parents in the early 1940s had no problem purchasing bottles of the company's soapy solution to give children a new favorite pastime: blowing bubbles. Just like today, most of the kids back then used bubble wands for the activity.

Original estimated retail price: $1

Mechanical engineer Richard James was busy devising a spring in 1943 to steady boat equipment at sea. That's when he knocked some prototypes to the ground and noticed how they "walked" forward instead of toppling. That was enough to give James and his wife the idea for a new novelty toy: the Slinky. Two years later, they delivered their first order to Gimbels Department Store in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. With Christmas right around the corner, 400 slinkies sold instantly—followed by 250 million more over the next seven decades.

Original estimated retail price: $30

Lionel Trains ads promised to make "a boy feel like a man and a man feel like a boy." Marketing, painstaking authenticity, and the ability to make trains go at various speeds made Lionel Trains the brand of choice among children, collectors, and train enthusiasts nationwide. The company started in the early 1900s, slumped during the Depression, and then halted production during WWII. The year 1946 marked the company's full production run after the war and kicked off a major resurgence in popularity.

Original estimated retail price: $1

Named after Lake Minnetonka, Tonka Trucks was founded by three Minnesotans who were going into business in garden equipment manufacturing. But when they bought out a competitor and inadvertently wound up with a toy steam shovel, they looked at making toys. Soon enough, the digger—along with a functional crane and clam—sold 37,000 units. The men ditched garden tools altogether and refocused their attention entirely on toy work vehicles for kids.

Original estimated retail price: $8

Contrary to most modern toy pianos, which are relatively small and plastic, 1940s toy pianos were much bulkier and finished with materials like walnut. In 1948, toy pianos received some extra special public attention after experimental composer John Cage used one to perform his "Suite for Toy Piano."

Original estimated retail price: $3

Was it Colonel Mustard in the library with a candlestick? Or maybe Professor Plum in the study with a dagger? The only way to find out was to play the game of Clue. Developed during WWII by a British solicitor, the board game was patented under the name Cluedo in 1947, and then sold in North America under the name Clue starting in 1949. The board game remains so popular that it even inspired a 1985 movie.

Original estimated retail price: not available

The Magic 8 Ball was inspired by the Syco-Seer, a cylindrical crystal ball with two dice inside of it. The item was created by Albert Carter, the son of a professional psychic. Along with his brother-in-law Abe Bookman, Carter unsuccessfully marketed several incarnations of the Syco-Seer before passing away in 1948. Bookman subsequently redesigned the product to the one we see today.

Original estimated retail price: 25 cents

Art students Harry and Patricia Kislevitz liked to experiment with art but didn't like the high cost of paint. As a result, they turned their attention in 1951 to a relatively new medium: colorful vinyl. Soon enough, the art students had created Colorforms that could cling to smooth surfaces and be reused countless times. Kids adored them—and being able to afford paint was never an issue again.

Original estimated retail price: 98 cents

Hoping to get kids to eat the foods they didn't like, inventor George Lerner developed a set of face parts that could be used to personify spuds and vegetables. The face parts were initially included as bonus toys in boxes of cereal. In 1952, the concept was purchased by the Hassenfield brothers, who formed Hasbro Toys. Mr. Potato Head was born, soon followed by Mrs. Potato Head and a range of other characters.

Original estimated retail price: $1-$2

Toy cars in the 1920s were neither toys nor collectibles. The micro-sized models were created by car companies for promotional purposes. By the 1950s, however, they'd become a hobby among young boys and older men alike. Most model cars were made of materials like tin, steel, and die-cast zinc—although by the 1950s, many in the U.S. were being made with plastic, as well.

Original estimated retail price: $2

An out-of-work architect named Alfred M. Butts created a game during the Depression where lettered tiles were assigned points on a crossword puzzle-style grid. Butts came up with names for the game like CrissCross Words and Lexiko before licensing the idea to James Brunot, who called it Scrabble. Sales were fairly abysmal at first, but by 1954 a company named Selchow & Righter owned the rights which were sold to Hasbro and marketed with great success.

Original estimated retail price: $1

No one's certain who invented Silly Putty, but nearly all agree the strange material was invented by accident. The story goes that during WWII, the U.S. government commissioned some chemists to create a synthetic rubber substitute. That resulted in a strange material prone to melting and couldn't hold a solid shape, and therefore of no discernible use.

The government's loss was the toy industry's gain, however; and by 1955, small plastic eggs filled with Silly Putty were aimed squarely at the youth market with wildly successful results. While a whole dollar might seem high for Silly Putty circa 1955, what's even more astounding is that the price has never really changed over the course of 60 years.

Original estimated retail price: 99 cents for four

After hearing from teachers that kids were turned off by the rigidity of modeling clay, a man named Joe McVicker began sending soft wallpaper cleaning products to schools as a substitute material. By 1956, that substitute had a name all its own: Play-Doh. The product has been a grade-school staple ever since.

Original estimated retail price: 10 cents

Like so many iconic products, water balloons resulted from pure happenstance. They came about when a British man named Edgar Ellington tried inventing a waterproof sock made of latex and cotton. As the sock began to leak water, Ellington angrily tossed it onto a table and watched it burst. That's when he got a much better idea. His subsequent water balloons (dubbed "water grenades") were selling like crazy by the late 1950s.

Original estimated retail price: $1.98

Hula hoops arrived after an Australian named Alex Tolmer designed a polyethylene plastic version of the bamboo hoops Aussie kids were spinning around their waists. Tolmer sold the design to the American toy company Wham-O, which named it the "Hula Hoop" in honor of Hawaiian dance moves. To create buzz, Wham-O gave the toy away for free to kids in Southern California and got it featured on "The Dinah Shore Show." As a result of the inventive marketing campaign, the hula hoop became a huge sensation. Twenty-five million units sold in the first two months alone.

Original estimated retail price: $3

Ruth Handler created the first Barbie as a 3D alternative to the paper dolls her daughter used to play with. Barbie remains the most iconic doll of all time. Naturally, that meteoric success came with its share of criticism, namely from feminists who thought Barbie's curvy physique and penchant for teen fashion set a bad example for young girls. Agreeing to a point, toy company Mattel went to great lengths over the years to establish Barbie as a symbol of inclusion and female empowerment, giving her varying ethnicities, careers, and styles.

Original estimated retail price: $2.99

Originally known as L'Ecran Magique—which translates to "magic screen"—Etch A Sketch was the brainchild of French electrical technician André Cassagnes. Cassagnes shopped his product for a year without having much luck until the Ohio Art Company decided to spend $25,000 on the licensing rights. The toy was renamed in the process. After some choice television spots, the Etch A Sketch shot to the top of Santa's wish lists all around the country by 1960.

Original estimated retail price: $8.95 per box of six

As one might expect, the Slip 'N Slide has relatively dangerous origins. In 1960, an upholsterer by the name of Robert D. Carrier came home to find his son and his son's friends sliding down the wet pavement of their driveway. Drawing on his work with synthetic fabrics, Carrier created a plastic slide for kids to put down over hard surfaces for a slicker (and presumably safer) experience.

Original estimated retail price: $1.42

The Chatter Telephone was created after Ernest Thornell spotted his daughter dragging their phone around the house like a pet. That gave him the idea to add wheels, followed by assorted noise-making buttons. The Chatter Telephone was originally made of wood, but today's model is commonly made with plastic.

Original estimated retail price: $15

A small, working oven for kids might sound like a brilliant idea (and time has proven that it is), but the Easy-Bake Oven invoked some safety concerns among parents upon its 1963 debut. To address those worries, toy company Kenner installed two 100-watt bulbs as a heating source to reduce the chance of burns.

Original estimated retail price: $1.95

While Barbie was being marketed to young girls, in 1964 Hasbro gave boys a savage war hero named G.I. Joe. The company attempted to keep the word "doll" out of the G.I. Joe lexicon, marketing the toy as an "action figure" instead. While G.I. Joe would eventually undergo changes in persona and appearance (and mirror actual American celebrities and heroes), his outsized masculinity remains intact to this day.

Original estimated retail price: 79 cents

According to legend, the Frisbee's origins date back to the late 19th century when New England college students tossed pie plates to one another outside the Frisbie Baking Company. But it wasn't until 1948 that Walter Morrison and Warren Franscioni began selling their plastic "Flying Saucers" or "Pluto Platters" at county fairs. Toy company Wham-O caught word of the discs and bought the rights in 1955, renaming them Frisbees. By the mid-'60s, Wham-O frisbees were ubiquitous in backyards and college campuses.

Original estimated retail price: not available

Board game manufacturer Milton Bradley was initially nervous about marketing Twister, worried the game's frisky undertones might blemish the company's upright reputation. Despite these reservations, the company put Twister on the shelves in 1965 to little fanfare. It wasn't until Johnny Carson played the game on TV with Eva Gabor that teens saw the potential. Twister has been a cornerstone of youth culture ever since.

Original estimated retail price: $10

Lite-Brite comprised a back-lit grid covered by black sheets of paper. By poking holes in the paper, young boys and girls could form patterns and images. Later editions would include pre-patterned images of pop culture figures like Darth Vader and Scooby-Doo.

Original estimated retail price: 59 cents

Mattel co-founder Elliot Handler (whose wife Ruth invented Barbie) set out to create a new toy that would be as appealing to boys as Barbie was to girls. The result was a muscular, American take on die-cast English Matchbox cars. Dubbed Hot Wheels, the initial 1968 line-up offered 16 hot rods rife with color and metal.

Original estimated retail price: 10 to 30 cents per brick

Derived from two Danish words meaning "play well," Lego is not just the top toy from the year you were born, but the top toy of the last century. What began in 1949 as a set of interlocking red and white blocks had become a veritable cultural phenomenon by the late 1960s, complete with its own Legoland theme park.

Original estimated retail price: $2

Made of "non-expanding recreational foam" and marketed as "the world's first indoor ball," the Nerf ball was an instant smash for Parker Brothers. Over 4 million units sold in the first year alone. Similar products soon followed; eventually, the Nerf football took the crown as the bestselling toy in Nerf's lineup.

Original estimated retail price: $6.58

Weebles were a family of egg-shaped plastic figurines distinguished by bright colors and kinetic, somewhat hypnotic movements. Bolstered by the catchphrase "Weebles wobble, but they don't fall down," the toys were a must-have among young kids in the early to mid-1970s.

Original estimated retail price: not available

Merle Robbins, a barbershop owner and card game enthusiast, was convinced he could improve upon the game of Crazy Eights. The result was Uno, which Robbins initially sold through local businesses and his own barbershop. Robbins licensed the rights in 1972 to a funeral parlor owner in Illinois, who took Uno onto the national stage with spectacular success.

Original estimated retail price: not available

Shrinky Dinks—thin sheets of decorated plastic that shrunk down and hardened after baking inside an oven—were marketed as pure magic upon their debut in 1973. Of course, the real explanation was polystyrene plastic, which hosts polymer chains that straighten out when heated, rolled, and cooled.

Original estimated retail price: $20 to $60

Skateboarding began in 1958 when people attached roller skate wheels to a board in order to "sidewalk surf." It wasn't until the early 1970s, and the creation of urethane wheels to smooth out an otherwise bumpy ride, that skateboards found their enduring stride.

Original estimated retail price: $3.95

Gary Ross Dahl supposedly thought up a pet rock over drinks with friends, imagining the ideal pet as one that made no mess and required no effort. Pair that idea with clever marketing and lucky timing, and you end up with arguably the most famous, most useless product in the history of America. Indeed, even decades later the pet rock stands as both a tribute to and mockery of the perennial wonders of capitalism.

Original estimated retail price: $5

You could pull, twist, throw, beat, and bend Stretch Armstrong, but you couldn't break him. Made from a proprietary blend of plastic, rubber, and gel, the iconic figurine could stretch his limbs up to four times their normal size.

Original estimated retail price: $199.99

The Atari 2600 was absolutely crucial to the development of gaming. The product offered streamlined playability and a slew of great titles like "Frogger," "Pac-Man," and "Space Invaders." The console wasn't the first to bring gaming into the home, but it was arguably the earliest, most important catalyst for what would eventually become the home gaming revolution.

Original estimated retail price: $3 and up

"Star Wars" today is the bar by which all other franchises currently aspire. But the movie's initial success in 1977 caught virtually every industry by surprise, including the toy industry. To account for the sudden demand for merchandise, toy company Kenner hastily released a series of puzzles and games to uneven results. However, as soon as the 3.75-inch action figures of Luke Skywalker, R2-D2, Chewbacca, and Princess Leia hit the shelves in 1978, Star Wars merchandise became as popular as the film itself.

Original estimated retail price: $24.95

Having invented the first video game system in the 1960s, it's fitting that Ralph Baer took conceptual cues from an Atari arcade game called "Touch Me" when creating Simon in the mid-'70s. The electronic toy, which tested your memory by playing color patterns you then had to playback in sequence, was unveiled at Studio 54 of all places. It was thereafter a staple in just about every suburban toy chest in America.

Original estimated retail price: $1.99

Hungarian designer Erno Rubik designed a 3D geometric puzzle in 1974 called Magic Cube. By 1980, Rubik's nifty contraption was in the hands of Ideal Toy & Novelty Company, which renamed it Rubik's Cube. The puzzle was an instant success, selling 100 million units within the first two years alone. In the time since, a peripheral sphere of competitions, books, and imitators has emerged.

Original estimated retail price: $4.99

He-Man and the Masters of the Universe were created in 1981 and introduced as a series of action figures that could throw punches with a pull-and-release mechanism. In an additional show of strength, each Masters of the Universe action figure was nearly two inches larger than Kenner's Star Wars and Hasbro's G.I. Joe action figures.

Original estimated retail price: $3 and up

Giving Barbie a literal run for her money this year was Hasbro's My Little Pony, a range of small, vinyl horses with long, bright, and groomable hair. Each pony also came with an adorable name and a unique emblem branded on its backside.

Original estimated retail price: $40

Defined by their doughy bodies and large, round heads, Cabbage Patch Kids took the world by storm after appearing on a TV show called "Real People" in 1980. That storm turned into a full-blown monsoon by 1983 as desperate parents shoved, scratched, grabbed, elbowed, and punched their way down the toy aisle in hopes of snagging the popular doll before Christmas. Known as the "Great Cabbage Patch Craze," the incident would later inspire the movie "Jingle All the Way," starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad.

Original estimated retail price: $4 and up

The Transformers legacy began in 1984 when Hasbro introduced a range of action figures adapted from two Japanese toys that could shapeshift from robotic aliens into motor vehicles. Along with the toy launch, came an epic backstory and a supporting line of comic books. The Transformers world would only continue to grow with TV shows, games, blockbuster films, and even cereal boxes all entering the fold.

Original estimated retail price: $69.99

A former Disney Imagineer named Ken Forsse created the cuddly, animatronic teddy bear that could read bedtime stories. Using the same technology that Disney used for animatronic theme park attractions, Forsse equipped the top-selling bear with a cassette tape and moving facial features. Even with the somewhat hefty price tag, Teddy Ruxpin was the bestselling toy of 1985 and 1986.

Original estimated retail price: $199.99

The Atari craze had slowed by the mid-'80s to a point where home gaming consoles seemed to be on the brink of extinction in the U.S. That didn't stop Japan's Nintendo from trying to penetrate the American market in 1985. To incentivize retailers, Nintendo's North American division agreed to be paid only for the units that sold, while the units that didn't sell could be returned. The gamble didn't exactly pay off, but it got the ball rolling enough to keep the game system afloat until the release of "Super Mario Bros" in 1986. Video games have been a benchmark of American culture ever since.

Original estimated retail price: $12

Jenga involves removing blocks from a tower one at a time until said tower topples over. The addictive game debuted in 1983 but took a few years to catch on. According to legend, entrepreneur Robert Grebler—who's largely responsible for bringing the game to North America—holds the record for the tallest known Jenga tower at just over 40 levels.

Original estimated retail price: $2 and up

Derived from Scandinavian folklore, Troll Dolls were created out of wood in the late 1950s by a Danish fisherman named Thomas Dam. American toy companies wasted no time ripping off the concept with a plastic variant that rode a wave of popularity in the 1960s. Troll Dolls then re-emerged in the late 1980s and early '90s as an indispensable toy for kids and work-cubicle decoration for adults.

Original estimated retail price: $89.99

While not the birth of mobile gaming, Nintendo Game Boy arguably remains its biggest step forward. The 8-bit handheld console offered an approachable design, a bunch of great games, and a level of convenience that pretty much speaks for itself. Game Boy was an instant home run as a follow-up to NES and a revolution unto itself.

Original estimated retail price: $3.99 and up

The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles rose to fame on the back of a massively popular animated series about witty crime fighters with an appetite for New York pizza. By the time their 1990 live-action movie dropped, the Turtles had utterly conquered the youth market with bestselling toys and box office numbers to show for it.

Original estimated retail price: $199.99

Marking a big step up from NES in essentially every department, Super Nintendo duly maintained a masterful grip on the video game console sphere. However, this time around the brand faced stiffer competition in the form of competing 32-bit console Sega Genesis. The first major "console war" had officially begun.

Original estimated retail price: $29.99

The Talkboy made its grand debut in "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York" as a handheld recording device used by the movie's young prankster, Kevin McCallister. A retail version was released on the same day as the movie, and thousands of far less effective pranks presumably ensued. The product was so popular that several spin-off versions were created, including Talkgirl and Talkboy FX Plus.

Original estimated retail price: $10 to $50

When not helping NASA with their Galileo Mission to Jupiter, the nuclear engineer Dr. Lonnie Johnson was home working on a heat pump that could use vaporized water pressure instead of hazardous Freon. When the pump sent a stream of water across the room, Johnson pivoted toward creating a high-powered water blaster instead. He built a prototype out of PVC pipe and an empty soda bottle he called the Power Drencher, which used an air pressure chamber to pump water from a reservoir. After a few necessary tweaks, the Super Soaker was born.

Original estimated retail price: $10

As part of the Fox Kids afternoon TV block, "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" in 1993 blasted their way into the cultural stratosphere one live-action showdown at a time. Given such immediate success, merchandising a series of toys (and a 1995 movie) was an easy decision. Like so many great toys and franchises, the Power Rangers receded from the spotlight only to triumphantly return years later.

Original estimated retail price: $5 and up

Why did small, inexpensive, bead-filled animals lead to a collectors' frenzy in the mid-to late-'90s? Barring the basic principles of supply and demand, the phenomenon will likely remain a mystery—as will the fact that rare Beanie Babies still routinely fetch thousands of dollars on the resale market.

Original estimated retail price: $29.99

Tyco Toys cashed in on Elmo's infectious laugh by giving the popular Sesame Street character a doll of its own in 1996. What they didn't anticipate were the hysteric levels of demand after the toy sold out in the midst of the holiday shopping season. During the Tickle Me Elmo craze, shoppers trampled store employees and engaged in physical battle all in the name of the Christmas spirit.

Original estimated retail price: $17.99

Before cell phones, teens and pre-teens were hooked on a virtual pet named Tamagotchi. To be fair, if left alone Tamagotchi would starve and die; so a consistent level of attention was more or less mandatory.

Original estimated retail price: $35

Like some adorable descendant of Gizmo from the "Gremlins" movies, Hasbro's Furby charmed his way into millions of homes after a 1998 debut. While the animatronic pet's native tongue was "Furbish," he could pick up irresistible English phrases like "I love you" in no time at all.

Original estimated retail price: $3 to $4

Hailing from Japan, Pokémon began as a 1996 Game Boy game and then quickly segued into a full-blown franchise complete with TV shows, toys, and movies. But nothing seemed to stoke the masses' furor like Pokémon trading cards. Besides their collector appeal, the cards inspired an official competitive league known as Pokémon Organized Play.

Original estimated retail price: $299

While the original PlayStation positioned itself as a leader of the new gaming guard in the mid-1990s, it was the PlayStation 2 that cemented Sony's status as the veritable king of home entertainment. The console took in $250 million on the first day alone, selling out quickly because of manufacturing delays and then fetching extremely high numbers on the secondhand market. Gaming has never been quite the same since.

Original estimated retail price: $9.99 to $22.99

Scantily dressed and brimming with sass, the appropriately named Bratz dolls were marketed as "anti-Barbies" for a modern audience. The initial 2001 rollout included just four dolls, but that number rapidly grew as profits soared. A slew of movies, CDs, shows, and video games naturally followed.

Original estimated retail price: $10 and up

With roots in a Japanese manga series, Beyblades are spinning tops that battle against one another inside a toy stadium. Their explosive success resulted in nationwide tournaments, while the manga books were developed into an anime TV series that ran for three seasons.

Original estimated retail price: not available

Cranium's Hullabaloo was ranked the #1 game of the year for 2003 by the Toy Association. One part Twister and one part musical chairs, the game challenges children to find their way to marked pads on the floor before the electronic caller instructs everyone to freeze. Hullabaloo was lauded for keeping kids active even during indoor play.

Original estimated retail price: $99

Designed by Mark Tilden and manufactured by WowWee toys, Robosapien was a remote-controlled robot capable of vocals and 67 pre-programmed moves. In an extra-clever touch of ingenuity, Robosapien would imitate the iconic Rosebud scene from "Citizen Kane" every time you turned it off using the remote.

Original estimated retail price: $399

In the 21st-century console wars, Microsoft released a game changer with the Xbox 360 in 2005. Touting improvements on every front along with internet connectivity, Xbox 360 would sell over 77 million units over the next eight years.

Original estimated retail price: $250

Nintendo burst back onto the video game scene with the release of the Nintendo Wii, delivering bubbly graphics, a personalized ecosystem, and handheld motion controllers for a friendlier and more interactive approach. Skyrocketing sales and popular awards let Nintendo know they had a qualified hit on their hands.

Original estimated retail price: $90

"Guitar Hero" first launched in 2005 and immediately capitalized on the interactive possibilities of modern gaming. The third installment, "Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock," was not just the bestselling video game of 2007, but was reportedly the first retail video game to reach $1 billion dollars in sales.

Original estimated retail price: $7 and up

Renowned for its sophisticated themes and stunning visuals, Disney/Pixar's 2008 film "WALL-E" played to all ages and enraptured an audience of millions. Despite the film's wasteland vibes, Disney quickly released tons of subsequent WALL-E merchandise that sold in large enough quantities to help actualize the film's own dire predictions.

Original estimated retail price: $5 and up

For cheap, addictive games, Angry Birds remains the franchise to beat. It debuted in 2009 and has lost little momentum since. Besides the video game itself, there's a TV series, feature film, and a range of plush toys that have sold in the millions.

Original estimated retail price: $499

Apple's iPad launched in 2010 and quickly found its niche in the realm between laptops and cell phones. A million units were sold within the first month. Indeed, the iPad became so ubiquitous so rapidly that when the NFL struck a deal with Microsoft to use its Surface tablets exclusively in 2015, announcers couldn't help but refer to those tablets as iPads on national TV.

Original estimated retail price: $5 and up

Skylanders brings real-life toys into the video game world using near-field communication technology. The toys-to-life genre, and Skylanders in particular, have earned massive followings among young gamers.

Original estimated retail price: $99.99

Imagine a sturdy iPad for kids with its own proprietary range of apps, and you've pretty much nailed the LeapPad Explorer. The popular device has origins going back to 1999 when it debuted as an interactive talking book.

Original estimated retail price: $94.99

Tekno the Robotic Puppy came into the world in the year 2000 and has been selling in huge numbers ever since. In addition to heeding commands, the razor-sharp robot dog uses light sensor technology to react to its environment. It can also go to sleep on its own and perform backflips. In 2013, new color options were introduced and owners were granted the ability to control the toy using smart devices.

Original estimated retail price: $10 and up

The "Frozen" theme song might say "Let it Go," but audiences nevertheless clung feverishly to the 2013 Disney film. A subsequent range of dolls was likewise immensely popular, taking Barbie off her mantle as the bestselling toy for girls in 2014.

Original estimated retail price: $5 and up

Shopkins is more than a range of cute, collectible plastic figurines; it's an immersive world unto itself that includes books, cards, and videos. The line of toys was in fact so popular that an entire counterfeit industry cropped up around it, with police seizing 150,000 fake Shopkins toys from two Chinese manufacturers in 2015.

Original estimated retail price: $49.99 to $59.99

Hatchimals were created by James Martin after he noticed how unboxing videos on YouTube were drawing huge numbers. In turn, he conceived a robotic animal toy that would unbox, or hatch, itself. The result was Hatchimals, and the demand was so intense that the toy sold out almost right away—much to the chagrin of numerous disappointed parents. The following year was looking no less remarkable for the irrefutably popular toy.

Original estimated retail price: $14.99

Fingerlings—the adorable, animated companions that wrap around your finger—were released in August of 2017 and nearly impossible to get your hands on as the holidays approached. The craze hardly slowed down, either—its 2018 models continued expanding the range of animals and features.

Original estimated retail price: $19.99

With Hasbro's Don't Step In It game, players mold rainbow-colored clay into piles of unicorn poop, place them on the floor mat, and take several blindfolded steps determined by the spinner across the mat while trying to avoid stepping in the piles. The Toy Insider's Jackie Breyer says gross-out toys, in general, are "a hot topic."

Original estimated retail price: $19.99

Baby Shark has been all the rage since the song exploded in 2016. Like most pop-culture crazes, the song's colossal impact transitioned to physical products. WowWee, the makers of Fingerlings, has produced one of the hottest toys of the season in the Pinkfrog Baby Shark official song puppet. Not only do you kickstart the song upon moving the shark's mouth, but you can actually control the tempo based on how fast or slow you open and close the jaws. Amazon offers three options: yellow Baby Shark, blue Daddy Shark, and pink Mommy Shark.

Original estimated retail price: $62.99

He goes by many names, only some of which are correct. "The Child," (aka "Grogu" or, incorrectly, "Baby Yoda"), from Disney's "The Mandalorian" had a major moment in pop culture history—a moment that lasted nearly two years since the "Star Wars" series release in 2019. Season 2 focused on the Mandalorian's quest to return Grogu to the Jedi. This storyline gave fans exactly what they were craving—more adorable scenes with the toddling green character playing off his stoic, mysterious guardian, the Mandalorian.

It also gave toy manufacturers the perfect inspiration. "The Mandalorian" toys were included on many curated holiday toy lists in 2020 and this animatronic toy gave children—and let's be serious, countless adults, too—the chance to live out their fantasies of having a Grogu of their own.

Original estimated retail price: $15

This bestselling plushie is soft and cuddly, helps children with emotional communication, and is reversible with a happy face on one side and an angry face on the other. Children and adults can enjoy collecting a variety of plushies from TeeTurtle: From unicorns to pandas, cats, and dogs, there's something for everyone.

Original estimated retail price: $20

Sure, teddy bears and other stuffed animals have long been on holiday wish lists, but plushie pandemonium has exploded in recent years and there's one brand at the forefront of the trend: Squishmallows from Jazwares. According to experts, the adorable toys have multiple functions: they tap into sensory trends like fidgets and double as pillows.

Plus, with their wide range of more than 1,000 designs, from simple puppies and unicorns to Star Wars favorites, they're popular with consumers of all ages, including adults. Just like Beanie Babies and baseball cards before them, part of Squishmallows' appeal is that they're collectible, with some limited-edition plushies selling for thousands on third-party sites.

Original estimated retail price: $30

Who needs a puppy for Christmas when there's Bitzee? Billed as an "interactive digital pet," Bitzee won the Toy of the Year Award 2023 from the Toy Retailers Association. The holographic interface features 15 different pets, all of which respond to attention from their owners—and hit the pixelated road if that attention is lacking.

Additional writing by Jaimie Etkin and Cu Fleshman. Data reporting by Luke Hicks. Story editing by Carren Jao. Copy editing by Robert Wickwire.